Socioeconomic influence on environmental awareness regarding willingness to use public transportation among formal workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/stum.v2i1.2025.1814Keywords:
awareness, environmental, public transportation, socioeconomicAbstract
Background: This study investigates the influence of socioeconomic status on environmental awareness and behaviors, particularly in relation to public transportation usage among formal workers in the Jabodetabek area. It highlights how factors such as income and education shape attitudes toward sustainability, with higher socioeconomic groups demonstrating greater environmental concern and engagement in eco-friendly practices. Despite this awareness, barriers including poor public transportation quality, high costs, and accessibility issues deter usage, leading many workers to prefer private vehicles due to safety concerns and system inefficiencies. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing random sampling and an online questionnaire, yielding 100 valid responses analyzed through SPSS. Findings: The findings reveal that while socioeconomic factors correlate with environmental awareness, they do not directly influence public transportation use; instead, the quality of public transport significantly impacts willingness to use it. Limitations include a small, homogeneous sample, suggesting the need for future research to encompass a broader demographic. Conclusion: Proposed solutions to enhance public transportation include increasing service frequency, expanding coverage, and implementing traffic regulations that prioritize public transport. These improvements require collaboration among stakeholders to foster sustainable urban living and reduce environmental degradation. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study emphasizes the necessity of integrating environmental awareness with practical solutions to enhance public transportation systems.
References
Arbeláez Vélez, A. M. (2024). Environmental impacts of shared mobility: a systematic literature review of life-cycle assessments focusing on car sharing, carpooling, bikesharing, scooters and moped sharing. Transport Reviews, 44(3), 634–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2023.2259104
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2024). Jumlah Pekerja Formal dan Informal di Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Jiwa), 2021-2023. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Badland, H., Hickey, S., Bull, F., & Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Public transport access and availability in the RESIDE study: Is it taking us where we want to go? Journal of Transport & Health, 1(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2013.10.001
Bai, L., Sze, N. N., Liu, P., & Guo Haggart, A. (2020). Effect of environmental awareness on electric bicycle users’ mode choices. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 82, 102320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102320
Baqarizky, N., & Jachrizal Sumabrata, R. (2022). Factor Analysis of Commuters’ Willingness to Use Public Transport. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1000(1), 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1000/1/012009
Bi, S., Hu, J., Shao, L., Feng, T., & Appolloni, A. (2024). Can public transportation development improve urban air quality? Evidence from China. Urban Climate, 54, 101825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101825
Chuen, O. C., Karim, M. R., Yusoff, S., Chang-Jian, W., Esmaeily, A., & Lian, J. (2014). Mode Choice between Private and Public Transport in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The Scientific World Journal, 2014(1), 394587. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/394587
Dabbous, A., Horn, M., & Croutzet, A. (2023). Measuring environmental awareness: An analysis using google search data. Journal of Environmental Management, 346, 118984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118984
Din, A. U., Ming, J., Rahman, I. U., Han, H., Yoo, S., & Alhrahsheh, R. R. (2023). Green road transportation management and environmental sustainability: The impact of population density. Heliyon, 9(9), e19771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19771
Evans, G. W., & Kantrowitz, E. (2002). Socioeconomic status and health: the potential role of environmental risk exposure. Annual Review of Public Health, 23, 303–331. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.112001.112349
Friman, M., Lättman, K., & Olsson, L. E. (2020). Public Transport Quality, Safety, and Perceived Accessibility. Sustainability 2020, Vol. 12, Page 3563, 12(9), 3563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093563
Gan, Y., Xu, T., Xu, N. R., Xu, J., & Qiao, D. (2021). How Environmental Awareness and Knowledge Affect Urban Residents’ Willingness to Participate in Rubber Plantation Ecological Restoration Programs: Evidence from Hainan, China. Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13, Page 1852, 13(4), 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13041852
Giménez-Nadal, J. I., Velilla, J., & Ortega-Lapiedra, R. (2024). Differences in commuting between employee and self-employed workers: The case of Latin America. Journal of Transport Geography, 114, 103770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103770
Grimmette, K. (2014). The Impacts of Environmental Education on Youth and their Environmental Awareness. Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/envstudtheses/135
Hassan, S. T., Zhu, B., Lee, C. C., Ahmad, P., & Sadiq, M. (2021). Asymmetric impacts of public service “transportation” on the environmental pollution in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 91, 106660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106660
Hayward, M., & Helbich, M. (2024). Environmental noise is positively associated with socioeconomically less privileged neighborhoods in the Netherlands. Environmental Research, 248, 118294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118294
Hu, B., Li, X., Li, Z., Dong, X., Sun, H., Sun, M., Lin, K., & Xue, J. (2024). Understanding the potential of taxi sharing: The case of Chengdu. Heliyon, 10(9), e29888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29888
Huber, D., Viere, T., Horschutz Nemoto, E., Jaroudi, I., Korbee, D., & Fournier, G. (2022). Climate and environmental impacts of automated minibuses in future public transportation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 102, 103160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRD.2021.103160
Jakob, A., Craig, J. L., & Fisher, G. (2006). Transport cost analysis: a case study of the total costs of private and public transport in Auckland. Environmental Science & Policy, 9(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2005.09.001
Kacharo, D. K., Teshome, E., & Woltamo, T. (2022). Safety and security of women and girls in public transport. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 10(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2022.2027268
Low, B. S., Selvaraja, K. G., Ong, T. H., Ong, K. K., & Koshy, S. (2020). Education background and monthly household income are factors affecting the knowledge, awareness and practice on haze pollution among Malaysians. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(24), 30419–30425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09196-z/metrics
Nazir, J., & Pedretti, E. (2016). Educators’ perceptions of bringing students to environmental consciousness through engaging outdoor experiences. Environmental Education Research, 22(2), 288–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2014.996208
Oğuz, D., Çakcı, I., Kavas Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, S., Mimarlığı Bölümü, P., & Ankara Üniversitesi Çevre Sorunları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, A. (2011). Environmental awareness of students in higher education. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 12(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.65605
Peterson, M., Minton, E. A., Liu, R. L., & Bartholomew, D. E. (2021). Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Support for Sustainable Businsses. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.018
Rest, K. D., & Hirsch, P. (2016). Daily scheduling of home health care services using time-dependent public transport. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 28(3), 495–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-015-9227-1/metrics
Santos, B., Romão, T., Dias, A. E., & Centieiro, P. (2013). eVision: A Mobile Game to Improve Environmental Awareness. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 8253 LNCS, 380–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03161-3_28
Steg, L. (2003). Can public transport compete with the private car? IATSS Research, 27(2), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60141-2
Stewart, A., Khachatryan, T., Hamilton, D., Evans, J., Amponsah, D., Suh, E., Jutzy, K., Abudayyeh, I., & Hilliard, A. (2017). Impact of demographics and socioeconomic status on mode of transportation and time to presentation in patients with st elevation myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 69(11), 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(17)33476-9
Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (Sugiyono, Ed.). Alfabeta.
Teane, F. M. (2020). Environmental awareness- using non-formal education to impart skills and knowledge to improve crop yield: the case of manyeledi community, South Africa. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 30(4), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2020.1788777
Varela-Losada, M., Vega-Marcote, P., Pérez-Rodríguez, U., & Álvarez-Lires, M. (2016). Going to action? A literature review on educational proposals in formal Environmental Education. Environmental Education Research, 22(3), 390–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1101751
Watthanaklang, D., Jomnonkwao, S., Champahom, T., & Wisutwattanasak, P. (2024). Exploring accessibility and service quality perceptions on local public transportation in Thailand. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 15, 101144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSTP.2023.101144
Yang, B., Wu, N., Tong, Z., & Sun, Y. (2022). Narrative-Based Environmental Education Improves Environmental Awareness and Environmental Attitudes in Children Aged 6–8. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, Vol. 19, Page 6483, 19(11), 6483. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH19116483
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Irfan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
