Causes, effects and possible mitigation strategies of ocean acidification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jmarpt.v1i1.2024.689Keywords:
carbon dioxide, marine biology, marine ecology, ocean acidificationAbstract
The process whereby the ocean's pH falls as a result of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is known as ocean acidification It is a major concern because it can have negative impacts on marine life and ecosystems. In this article, we review the causes of ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine organisms and ecosystems. We also discuss some possible strategies for mitigating ocean acidification, including the use of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies, ocean alkalinity enhancement techniques, and ocean iron fertilization. Overall, This review highlights the need for continued research and action to address the challenges posed by ocean acidification. Objectives: This literature review aims to explore the sauses, effects and possible mitigation strategies of ocean acidification. Method and results: The methods used in this literature review included a comprehensive search of the scientific literature on ocean acidification, using databases such as Google Scholars and the Web of Science along with other literature. Furthermore, the reference lists of pertinent papers were examined in order to find any further research that might have eluded during the first search. The inclusion criteria for the studies included in this review were that they must have been published in a peer-reviewed journal and must have focused on the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystems. Conclusion: Ocean acidification is a serious problem that would have massive implications for both the environment and the human lives that depend on it. The marine ecosystem has felt its effect in the forms of the decreasing population of calcifying marine organisms and possibly fishes as they are now more prone to predation due to its change in behavior. Massive changes of their population has the potential to disrupt the ecosystem dramatically.
References
Alin, S. R. & Doney, S. (2010). The influence of ocean acidification on marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2:199-233.
Atkins, P. & de Paula J. (2006). Atkins' Physical Chemistry 9th ed. New York: Oxford University Press
Atkins, P. W., De Paula, J., & Keeler, J. (2023). Atkins' physical chemistry. Oxford University Press. https://toc.library.ethz.ch/objects/pdf03/e01_978-0-19-876986-6_01.pdf
Bach, L. T., Gill, S. J., Rickaby, R. E., Gore, S., & Renforth, P. (2019). CO2 removal with enhanced weathering and ocean alkalinity enhancement: potential risks and co-benefits for marine pelagic ecosystems. Frontiers in Climate, 1, 7. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2019.00007/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
Buesseler, K. O., Doney, S. C., Karl, D. M., Boyd, P. W., Caldeira, K., Chai, F., ... & Watson, A. J. (2008). Ocean iron fertilization--Moving forward in a sea of uncertainty. Science, 319(5860), 162-162. https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/cmoreserver/summercourse/2009/documents/Buesseler_et_al_OIF_Policy_Forum_Science_v319_(2008)_162.pdf
Change, I. C. (2014). Mitigation of climate change. Contribution of working group III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 1454, 147. https://keneamazon.net/Documents/Publications/Virtual-Library/Impacto/157.pdf
Dupont, L., et al. (2015). Ocean acidification impairs olfactory lateralization in the European sea bass. Global Change Biology, 21(6):2227-2234.
Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., & Orr, J. C. (2008). Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65(3), 414-432. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn048
Feely, R., et al. (2010). Impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. Annual Review of Marine Science, (2): 169-192.
Feely, R., et al. (2011). The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 88(1):43-53.
Gazeau, P. et al. (2010). Ocean acidification affects marine calcifiers differently: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 16(3):1095-1109.
Gazeau, P., et al. (2009). Ocean acidification and its potential consequences for marine ecosystems. Environmental Chemistry, 6(2) :159-176.
Gazeau, P., et al. (2010). Impact of ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, (60)8: 13-27.
Hoegh-Guldberg, J. D. R., et al. (2019). The future ocean. Annual Review of Marine Science, 11:331-361.
Kroeker, K. J., Kordas, R. L., Crim, R., Hendriks, I. E., Ramajo, L., Singh, G. S., ... & Gattuso, J. P. (2013). Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming. Global change biology, 19(6), 1884-1896. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.12179
Kroeker, K., et al., (2013). Ocean acidification causes behaviourally mediated indirect effects on a marine fish community. Ecology Letters,16(6):811-819.
Levien, H. (1981). The marine carbonate buffer system. Marine Chemistry, 10(3): 297-317.
Lovenduski, N. S., Swart, N. C., Sutton, A. J., Fyfe, J. C., McKinley, G. A., Sabine, C., & Williams, N. L. (2021). The ocean carbon response to COVID‐related emissions reductions. Geophysical research letters, 48(6), e2020GL092263. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GL092263
Munday, P. L., Dixson, D. L., Donelson, J. M., Jones, G. P., Pratchett, M. S., Devitsina, G. V., & Døving, K. B. (2009). Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a marine fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(6), 1848-1852. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809996106
National Research Council, Division on Earth, Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, & Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring. (2010). Ocean acidification: a national strategy to meet the challenges of a changing ocean. National Academies Press.
Orr, J. C., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., ... & Yool, A. (2005). Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature, 437(7059), 681-686. https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/13479/1/Orr2005a.pdf
Raven, J., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., ... & Watson, A. (2005). Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. The Royal Society. https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/7878/1/965_Raven_2005_OceanAcidificationDueToIncreasing_Monogr_pubid13120.pdf
Yang, M., Chen, L., Msigwa, G., Tang, K. H. D., & Yap, P. S. (2022). Implications of COVID-19 on global environmental pollution and carbon emissions with strategies for sustainability in the COVID-19 era. Science of the Total Environment, 809, 151657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151657
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Marine Problems and Threats
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.