Hexa-Helix collaboration model for strengthening the maritime defense industry in eastern Indonesia: A strategic policy analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jmarpt.v2i1.2025.2085Keywords:
maritime security, Hexa-Helix, indo-pacific, smart port, subsea infrastructureAbstract
Background: Indonesia’s position as the world’s largest archipelagic state with vast maritime territory places it at the center of the Indo-Pacific region’s complex geopolitical dynamics. Despite abundant marine resources, eastern Indonesia still struggles with uneven infrastructure, weak surveillance, and threats such as IUU Fishing and undersea sabotage. This article examines how the Hexa-Helix Collaboration Model-expanding beyond the traditional Triple Helix-can serve as an innovative governance framework to strengthen the maritime defense industry in eastern Indonesia, ensuring balanced development and adaptive resilience. Method: The analysis employs a qualitative literature review method, synthesizing global best practices and relevant case studies. Key topics include the implementation of smart port technologies, Digital Twin shipyard modernization, cybersecurity risk management, community empowerment, and regional security strategies aligned with the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific. Results: The study finds that integrating government, military, academia, industry, local communities, and media fosters inclusive policy-making, enhances surveillance capabilities, promotes economic diversification in coastal villages, and bridges inter-agency coordination gaps. Practical recommendations include establishing a national Maritime Data Hub, adopting advanced subsea monitoring technologies, and ensuring that digital transformation aligns with human capital development. Conclusion: The Hexa-Helix Collaboration Model offers a practical, adaptive pathway for Indonesia to transform its eastern maritime regions into self-reliant defense and logistics hubs. By combining technological innovation, community participation, and evidence-based governance, Indonesia can realize its vision as a resilient Global Maritime Fulcrum amid intensifying Indo-Pacific competition. Novelty/Originality of this article:
The novelty of this article lies in the application of the Hexa-Helix Collaboration Model as a governance framework for the maritime defense industry, an area rarely explored in Indonesian strategic studies.
Keywords: Maritime Security, Hexa-Helix, Indo-Pacific, Smart Port, Digital Twin, IUU Fishing, Coastal Governance, Subsea Infrastructure, Indonesia
References
Akpan, F., Bendiab, G., Shiaeles, S., Karamperidis, S., & Michaloliakos, M. (2022). Cybersecurity challenges in the maritime sector. Network, 2(1), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.3390/network2010009
Amelia, P., Lathifah, A., & Yasa, I. N. A. (2022). Analysis of the impact of maritime sector development in supporting Indonesian Navy ship operations. Procedia Computer Science, 197, 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.146
Amin, C., Mulyati, H., Anggraini, E., & Kusumastanto, T. (2021). Impact of maritime logistics on archipelagic economic development in eastern Indonesia. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 37(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2021.01.004
Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, A., & Dalaklis, D. (2021). Repercussions of a weak ocean governance and a non-existent maritime security policy: The resurgence of piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 5(2), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/25725084.2021.1925461
Beseng, M. (2021). Illegal fishing and governance in the Gulf of Guinea. Marine Policy, 128, 104621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104621
Beseng, M., & Malcolm, J. A. (2021). Maritime security and the securitisation of fisheries in the Gulf of Guinea: Experiences from Cameroon. Conflict, Security & Development, 21(5), 517–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2021.1985848
Bolbot, V., Theotokatos, G., & Boulougouris, E. (2022). Smart ports: Enhancing maritime logistics using digital technologies. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(4), 461. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040461
Bouazza, A., Berrado, A., & El Moutaouakil, K. (2023). Green port development and supply chain resilience in Morocco. Sustainability, 15(3), 1890. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031890
Bueger, C., & Liebetrau, T. (2023). Critical maritime infrastructure protection: What’s the trouble? Marine Policy, 155, 105772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105772
Doddema, M., Spaargaren, G., Wiryawan, B., & Bush, S. R. (2020). Responses of Indonesian tuna processing companies to enhanced public and private traceability. Marine Policy, 119, 104100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104100
Galani, S. (2020). Human rights at sea: Protecting seafarers. Marine Policy, 119, 104153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104153
Ilyas, M., Rahman, M. A., & Zafar, A. (2023). Port connectivity and global supply chain disruption during COVID-19. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 173, 103134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2023.103134
Jiang, M., Liu, Y., Lu, J., Qu, Z., & Yang, Z. (2023). Risk assessment of maritime supply chains within the context of the Maritime Silk Road. Ocean and Coastal Management, 231, 106380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106380
Karakasnaki, M., Papadopoulos, T., & Tsakonas, P. (2023). Social protection for fishery workers. Marine Policy, 152, 105872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105872
Karamperidis, S., Kapalidis, C., & Watson, T. (2021). Maritime cyber security: A global challenge tackled through distinct regional approaches. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(12), 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121323
Ksciuk, J., Nowakowski, T., & Pawlowski, K. (2023). Marine navigation safety using machine learning. Sensors, 23(4), 1839. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041839
Li, H., Ren, X., & Yang, Z. (2023). Data-driven Bayesian network for risk analysis of global maritime accidents. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 230, 108938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2022.108938
Lu, Y., & Yamazaki, M. (2023). Fisheries conflict and social tensions. Marine Policy, 151, 105882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105882
McCabe, D. (2023). Coastal ecosystem degradation due to overfishing. Ocean & Coastal Management, 235, 106382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106382
McCabe, D., & Flynn, B. (2024). Under the radar: Ireland, maritime security capacity, and the governance of subsea infrastructure. European Security, 33(2), 324–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2023.2248001
McCabe, D., & Flynn, T. (2024). Subsea infrastructure security: Lessons from Nord Stream. Marine Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.105840
Ngo, T. D., Lee, Y., & Kim, H. (2023). Deep variational information bottleneck for small-scale ship detection. Remote Sensing, 15(6), 1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15061552
Nikolic, D., Stojkovic, N., Puzovic, S., Popovic, Z., Stojiljkovic, N., Grbic, N., & Orlic, V. D. (2023). Increasing maritime safety and security in the off-shore activities with HFSWRs as primary sensors for risk assessment. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(6), 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061167
Nguyen, T.-T., Tran, D. T. M., Duc, T. T. H., & Thai, V. V. (2023). Managing disruptions in the maritime industry: A systematic literature review. Maritime Business Review, 8(2), 170–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/MABR-09-2021-0072
Okafor-Yarwood, I. M., & Onuoha, F. C. (2023). Whose security is it? Elitism and the global approach to maritime security in Africa. Third World Quarterly, 44(5), 946–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2167706
Park, J., Kim, D., & Lee, H. (2023). Cybersecurity risk management for smart ports. Ocean Engineering, 264, 112357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112357
Rawson, A., & Brito, M. (2023). Predictive modeling for ship collision avoidance. Ocean Engineering, 264, 112315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112315
Razmjooei, A., Wu, P., & Zhang, J. (2023). Application of digital twin and predictive maintenance in shipbuilding. Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2022.2145005
Ringsberg, A. H., & Cole, S. (2020). Maritime security guidelines: A study of Swedish ports’ perceived barriers to compliance. Maritime Policy & Management, 47(3), 388–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1711977
Shahbakhsh, M., Shafiee, M., & Panahi, R. (2021). Seafarer welfare and maritime labour standards. Maritime Policy & Management, 48(4), 495–511. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1918862
Silalahi, D. F., Blakers, A., Stocks, M., Lu, B., Cheng, C., & Hayes, L. (2021). Indonesia’s vast solar energy potential. Energies, 14(5424). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175424
Song, Y. (2023). Legal awareness and small-scale fishermen’s boundary violations. Marine Policy, 150, 105868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105868
Sunyowati, D., Ariadhi, P. P. P., Romadhona, M. K., & Alfadhel, A. B. B. (2023). Indonesia-Timor Leste maritime boundaries on Exclusive Economic Zone: Equitable principle. Lex Scientia Law Review, 7(1). https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/lslr/index
Turedi, S., & Ozer-Caylan, O. (2021). Future ports: Integrating safety, security, and environment. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-021-00092-4
Yildiz, E. (2023). The conflict between Greece and Turkey in the Mediterranean Sea (International maritime law study). Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v36i2.11393
Zhang, Y., Zhang, A., Zhang, D., Kang, Z., & Liang, Y. (2022). Design and development of maritime data security management platform. Applied Sciences, 12(800). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020800
Zamzami, L., & Effendi, N. (2023). Cultural and entrepreneurial attitudes of fishermen involved in the production of fishery products in West Sumatra, Indonesia: Implications for marine resource conservation areas in village development. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v7i3.2629
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Elyakim Snekubun, Asep Adang Supriyadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
