Manajemen kesehatan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja: studi kasus pengembangan pengorganisasian pekerjaan dan budaya kerja

Abstract

Background: Overwork culture has become a global issue that has a negative impact on workers' health. This research analyzes the phenomenon of karoshi (death due to overwork fatigue) in Japan. In 2006, a senior engineer died suddenly from cardiac ischemia after working more than 80 hours of overtime per month. Likewise, four years earlier, a quality controller died of a heart attack after working 106 hours of overtime in the last month. Both cases of death are a form of karoshi. Methods: This paper uses a literature study method, which is sourced from literature such as scientific articles, books, journals and online media. Case studies are used to analyze the conditions of the Work Organization and Work Culture Development Case, domestically, namely in Indonesia, with comparisons to foreign cases, namely Japan. Findings: Reports show 200 cases of karoshi were recognized by the Japanese government in 2021, although it is estimated to reach 10 thousand cases annually. Medical causes of karoshi are heart attacks, strokes and mental disorders due to high work stress. The background to the emergence of overwork is the Bushido ideology which emphasizes unlimited loyalty and a spirit of devotion to the company. Conclusion: The reality of low wages for workers and a company culture that stigmatizes leaving early strengthens the psychological pressure that triggers karoshi. Various recommendations to prevent karoshi include improving worker health, administrative control of working time, and regular safety and health audits.