Resilient surveillance architecture for critical maritime route: A case study of the Malacca Strait under an extreme weather scenario

Meli Ruslinar

doi:10.61511/srsd.v3i2.2026.3638

Authors

Meli Ruslinar Maritime Security, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, West Java, 16810, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61511/srsd.v3i2.2026.3638

Keywords:

climate adaptation, extreme weather, malacca strait, maritime security, resilient surveillance architecture

Abstract

Background: Extreme weather events brought on by climate change are increasingly disrupting the Malacca Strait, a crucial global chokepoint that handles around 40% of global trade. These events undermine regional economic resilience, jeopardize navigation safety, and deteriorate marine surveillance systems. Methods: A thorough literature assessment of Scopus-indexed journals (Q1–Q2, 2019–2024) and policy documents from ASEAN, IMO, and littoral governments served as the foundation for this study's qualitative-descriptive methodology. The adaptability of current surveillance technologies, such as coastal radar, AIS, satellite sensors, and marine drones, under harsh weather conditions was assessed using a resilience systems paradigm. Findings: The dispersion of current maritime surveillance systems spanning Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, the absence of real-time data integration, the reliance on GNSS without terrestrial backup, and the inadequate interoperability protocols are the main risks. Under simulated adverse weather circumstances, the proposed Resilient Surveillance Architecture (RSA), which integrates AI-enabled prediction, GNSS-eLoran redundancy, and multilateral coordination, shows promise to increase detection reliability by up to 35–40%. Conclusion: RSA provides a climate-adaptive, strategic framework for maritime surveillance in crowded, dangerous chokepoints. Novelty/Originality of this article: By combining technology redundancy, ecological sensitivity, and trilateral governance (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore) into a single resilience framework, this study offers the first integrated RSA model designed especially for the Malacca Strait.

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