Integration of geographic information system and vertical electrical sounding method for groundwater potential estimation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/srsd.v2i2.2025.3122Keywords:
gis, groundwater, vesAbstract
Background: Suboptimal utilization of water potential may occur due to the lack of accurate mapping of potential aquifer zones to support sustainable groundwater management. Previous studies have highlighted groundwater potential using spatial analysis, but have not integrated it with geophysical analysis. This study aims to evaluate and map groundwater potential zones quantitatively through the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis and the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. Methods: The hydrogeological parameters processed and used as input for the weight overlay process include rainfall, slope gradient, drainage density, lithology, soil, and land use. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to assign relative weights to each parameter. Next, four VES measurement data were processed and interpreted to validate the spatial model. Findings: The results show that the study area is divided into five classes of groundwater potential: poor, sufficient, moderate, good, and excellent. Zones with moderate to good potential dominate the western and southeastern parts of the study area. Areas with high potential are generally associated with low slope gradients, low drainage density, and permeable volcanic rock formations such as tuffaceous sandstone with resistivity values of 36.9–41.3 Ωm. The aquifer depth in the western part is shallower (5–12 m) than in the eastern part (10–62 m). Conclusion: This study concludes that the integration of GIS and VES methods provides a comprehensive understanding of groundwater distribution and recharge mechanisms in complex volcanic conditions. This combined approach improves spatial accuracy and offers a new framework for sustainable groundwater resource utilization. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the quantitative integration of GIS modeling with AHP validated by VES to effectively depict groundwater potential zones in heterogeneous volcanic terrain.
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