Ecotourism feasibility analysis for sustainable coastal management in a tropical island setting

Abstract

Background: Bungin Pinungan Beach on Towea Island, Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, possesses high natural ecotourism potential, characterized by ±3 km of sandy coastline, clear seawater, mangrove stands, and attractive coral reef ecosystems. Although the natural landscape is promising, its development is constrained by limited sea transportation, insufficient basic infrastructure, and a lack of accommodation facilities. This study evaluates the feasibility of developing Bungin Pinungan Beach as an ecotourism destination using the ADO-ODTWA criteria established by the Directorate General of PHKA (2003). Methods: The assessment covers seven indicators: attractiveness, accessibility, environmental conditions, facilities and infrastructure, accommodation, safety, and linkages with other tourist attractions. A descriptive qualitative method was used, supported by field observations, questionnaires for visitors and local residents, and visual documentation. The research population consisted of the Lakarama Village community and tourists visiting the site, with samples selected using purposive and accidental sampling techniques. Data were analyzed based on the seven indicators to determine the overall ecotourism feasibility index. Findings: The findings show that Bungin Pinungan Beach has a feasibility score of 69.03%, indicating that it is suitable for ecotourism development. High scores were recorded for accessibility (84.03%), environmental conditions (89.77%), and safety (82.43%), demonstrating strong natural and physical support for tourism activities. Meanwhile, the indicators for facilities and infrastructure (40%) and accommodation (41.67%) require major improvements. The attractiveness indicator achieved 77.8%, and linkages with surrounding tourist destinations scored 67.5%. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that development priorities should focus on enhancing basic facilities and increasing accommodation capacity while maintaining environmental quality and access. It is recommended that local governments, communities, and stakeholders strengthen collaborative management, improve supporting infrastructure, develop community-based homestay services, and promote integrated tourism networks with nearby attractions. Nvovelty/Originality of this article: This study applies the ADO-ODTWA framework to a small island ecotourism site, integrating quantitatie feasibility scoring with community-based assessment to provide location-specific development priorities for sustainable coastal tourism planning.