Pencemaran udara di ekosistem perkotaan: Ancaman terhadap biodiversitas dan ekosistem

Abstract

Background: Air pollution is an issue that has received a lot of attention in the past year, especially in DKI Jakarta. Economic growth after the pandemic has driven high community activity. High community activity drives high energy use. Findings: Through this article, we can find out what sources contribute to urban air pollution and what and how to determine air quality. With high levels of air pollution greatly affecting biodiversity and ecosystems, we can find out the impact and influence on these ecosystems. So we have to find a way out to minimize pollution and maintain the sustainability of urban ecosystems. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The literature study method is a series of activities related to the method of collecting library data, reading and recording, and processing research materials. This method aims to examine various theories that are relevant to the topic being studied as reference material in the analysis and discussion of research results. The literature includes journals, academic publications, and publications by institutions. Conclusion: High human activity drives environmental damage, more than 56.7% of the population is in urban areas. The main characteristics of urban ecosystems include high human population density, intensive land use for settlements, industry, and transportation, and the presence of urban infrastructure such as roads, high-rise buildings, and wastewater systems. Indicators for air quality are the Air Quality Index (IKU) and the Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU). NOx and ammonia are pollutants that can settle in water bodies, where they contribute to eutrophication. O3 can interfere with the photosynthetic function of plants which eventually causes the plants to not grow and die. Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen cause "acid rain", thereby increasing acidity which has a negative impact on flora and fauna. Ultimately, acidification affects the ability of ecosystems to provide "ecosystem services". Air pollution factors are the seasonal cycle, community activities for illegal burning and from mobile and stationary sources. Transportation is the first order contributor to poor air in cities. Climate cycles such as differences in wind direction and speed support the accumulation of pollutants which cause high levels of pollution. In DKI Jakarta, the loss of sensitive species that inhabit water channels and also butterflies that are bioindicators of contaminated air.