Linking adaptive social protection and multi-scale conservation: Policy integration pathways for climate-resilient communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/educo.v2i2.2025.3184Keywords:
adaptive social protection, climate resilience, conservation governance, policy integration, socio-ecological systemsAbstract
Background: Indonesia faces escalating climate-induced disasters that exacerbate both environmental degradation and social vulnerability. While Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged globally as a framework integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) to strengthen household resilience, it remains primarily socio-economic in focus and seldom incorporates ecological considerations. This study conceptualizes an ASP–conservation integration framework designed to link social protection and multi-scale conservation within Indonesia’s policy architecture. Methods: Using a qualitative, conceptual approach based on literature synthesis and policy analysis, the research identifies fragmentation across key ministries, Social Affairs, Environment, Finance, Disaster Management, and Meteorology, each addressing elements of resilience in isolation. Findings: The proposed framework introduces four interlinked dimensions: policy and institutional integration, multi-scale governance and community interface, financing and sustainability mechanisms, and socio-ecological framing and system dynamics. These dimensions collectively position ASP as a meta-framework for socio-ecological resilience that aligns institutions, empowers communities, and embeds sustainability within national adaptation strategies. The paper further proposes a phased governance roadmap, short-term (2025–2027) pilot coordination and data integration, medium-term (2028–2030) policy institutionalization and financing innovation, and long-term (2030+) system-wide embedding of ASP into climate-resilient development. The findings contribute to policy integration theory by framing ASP as a boundary-spanning governance mechanism that bridges sectoral silos and fosters adaptive learning. Conclusion: Ultimately, institutionalizing ASP as an integrated socio-ecological system would enable Indonesia to advance its Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Agreement commitments while enhancing the resilience of both communities and ecosystems. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty lies in conceptualizing ASP–conservation integration as a meta-framework for socio-ecological resilience and proposing a phased governance roadmap that bridges institutional fragmentation within Indonesia’s policy system.
References
ASEAN. (2018). ASEAN Declaration on Strengthening Social Protection. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/26.-November-2018-ASEAN-Declaration-on-Strengthening-Social-Protection-1st-Reprint.pdf
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (2025). Infografis Bencana tahun 2025. BNPB. https://bnpb.go.id/infografis/infografis-bencana-tahun-2025
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (2025b). Tentang Pengelolaan Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas – Katalog Ketangguhan. Bnpb.go.id. https://katalogketangguhan.bnpb.go.id/tentang-destana-prbbk/#sec2
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (n.d.). inaRISK. Inarisk.bnpb.go.id. https://inarisk.bnpb.go.id/
Biermann, F., Abbott, K., Andresen, S., Backstrand, K., Bernstein, S., Betsill, M. M., Bulkeley, H., Cashore, B., Clapp, J., Folke, C., Gupta, A., Gupta, J., Haas, P. M., Jordan, A., Kanie, N., Kluvankova-Oravska, T., Lebel, L., Liverman, D., Meadowcroft, J., & Mitchell, R. B. (2012). Navigating the Anthropocene: Improving Earth System Governance. Science, 335(6074), 1306–1307. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217255
Binci, M., Hakeem, B., Ward , P., Brockerhoff, S., Vaidyanathan, M., Singh, K., Jagmag, M., Arif, S., Kiragu, S., Alur , P., Kabuthu, C., Kimondo , M., Rowe, G., Gardner, C., Aisa, M. G., Khurshid , A., Ntale, A., Bischler, J., Odindo, J., & Merttens, F. (2019). Evaluation of the Kenya Hunger Safety Net Programme - Phase 3 | Oxford Policy Management. Oxford Policy Management. https://www.opml.co.uk/projects/evaluation-of-the-hunger-safety-net-programme-phase-3#phase-3
Bowen, T., Ninno, C. del, Andrews, C., Coll-Black, S., Gentilini, U., Johnson, K., Kawasoe, Y., Kryeziu, A., Maher, B., & Williams, A. (2020). Adaptive Social Protection Building Resilience to Shocks. In World Bank Group. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/503571598004338945
Davies, M., Guenther, B., Leavy, J., Mitchell, T., & Tanner, T. (2008). “Adaptive Social Protection”: Synergies for Poverty Reduction. IDS Bulletin, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00483.x
Departement of Social Welfare and Development, & National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. (2021). Establishing an Adaptive and Shock Responsive Social Protection System in the Philippines: A Roadmap. https://old.dswd.gov.ph/download/publications/establishing_an_adaptive_and_shock_responsive_social_protection_system_in_the_philippines/FAO_Roadmap_Policy-Brief_0909-FINAL.pdf
Dhungana, N., Lee, C.-H., Adhikari, S., Rayamajhi, B. K., Aryal, U. C., & Pramod, P. (2024). Integrated Approach to Understanding Perceived Importance and Changes in Watershed Ecosystem Services (WESs): Insights from Central Nepal. Sustainability, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010062
Fanggidae, V., Prasetya, D., Sagala, S. A., Yuliawati, A. K., Killa, M. F., Zahra, R. A., Paramitasari, D., & Arrafisena, F. (2024). Overcoming Barriers to Mainstream and Operationalise Adaptive Social Protection in Local Regions with Multiple Risk Contexts. https://www.rdiglobal.org/publications/view/8313/overcoming-barriers-to-mainstream-and-operationalise-adaptive-social-protection-in-local-regions-with-multiple-risk-contexts
Flori. (2025). Kemensos dan BPS Mutakhirkan DTSEN untuk Penyaluran Bansos Triwulan II. Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia. https://kemensos.go.id/berita-terkini/menteri-sosial/Kemensos-dan-BPS-Mutakhirkan-DTSEN-untuk-Penyaluran-Bansos-Triwulan-II
Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2010). Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-03610-150420
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2024). New report confirms that social protection is effective for pro-poor climate action. Social Protection; FAO. https://www.fao.org/social-protection/news-and-events/news/news-detail/new-report-confirms-that-social-protection-is-effective-for-pro-poor-climate-action/en
Hallegatte, S., Vogt-Schilb, A., Bangalore, M., & Rozenberg, J. (2016). Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1003-9
Hebbar, M., & Shehab, S. (2020). Shock-Responsive Social Protection in Bangladesh. https://www.opml.co.uk/files/Publications/A2241-maintains/maintains-bangladesh-srsp-literature-review-310320-updated-june-14-21-gk.pdf
Igbatayo, S. A., Eslamian, S., Babalola, O. O., & Makanju, A. A. (2022). Strengthening Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction: Case Study of the Sahel Adaptive Social Protection. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-99063-3_10
Ismail, N. A., & Mohd Sidek, N. Z. (2025). A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Linkages Between Environmental Degradation and Poverty. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(VIII), 5742–5753. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.908000468
Jordan, A., & Lenschow, A. (2010). Environmental policy integration: a state of the art review. Environmental Policy and Governance, 20(3), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.539
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2025). Program Kampung Iklim (Proklim). Program Kampung Iklim (Proklim) | Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup / Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup. https://kemenlh.go.id/contents/16/Program-Kampung-Iklim-Proklim
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (n.d.). SRN - Sistem Registri Nasional. Kemenlh.go.id. https://srn.kemenlh.go.id/index.php?r=home%2Findex
Martinez, G., Drion, B., Gladstone, J., & Vidal, A. (2023). Nature-based Solutions for corporate climate targets: views regarding the corporate use of Nature-based Solutions to meet net-zero goals. https://doi.org/10.2305/elgl1056
Nixon, R., Ma, Z., Khan, B., Birkenholtz, T., Lee, L., & Mian, I. (2022). Social influence shapes adaptive water governance: empirical evidence from northwestern Pakistan. Ecology and Society, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-13546-270337
Ostrom, E. (2010). Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems. American Economic Review, 100(3), 641–672. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.100.3.641
Paramitasari, D., Krismiyaningsih, E., Sagala, S., Barliani, L. P., Larasati, D., & Yuliawati, A. K. (2025). Implementing Adaptive Social Protection through Government, Community, and Non-Government Initiatives: A Case Study from East Sumba, Indonesia. https://rdiglobal.org/publications/view/12285/implementing-adaptive-social-protection-through-government-community-and-non-government-initiatives-a-case-study-from-east-sumba-indonesia
Pelling, M., O’Brien, K., & Matyas, D. (2014). Adaptation and transformation. Climatic Change, 133(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1303-0
Pereznieto, P., & Holmes, R. (2020). Gender-Sensitivity Analysis of the Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Programme. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5f22cbb88fa8f57acf2d205f/Gender_sensitive_SASPp_Jan28_final-23Junedocx__002_.pdf
Sagala, S. A., Lassa, J., Arrafisena, F., Zahra, R. A., Paramitasari, D., Pribadi, A. K., Killa, M. F., Saragih, E. C., Fanggidae, V., Prasetya, D., Hapsoro, A., Pedor, S. J., Li, D. E., Talan, J. P., & Klaas, H. K. O. (2024). Insights from Sumba: Compilation of Ideas on Adaptive Social Protection against Climate Change. https://rdiglobal.org/publications/view/90011/insights-from-sumba-compilation-of-ideas-on-adaptive-social-protection-against-climate-change
Ssekibaala, S. D., & Kasule, T. A. (2023). Examination of the poverty-environmental degradation nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regional Sustainability, 4(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsus.2023.08.007
Sun, Y., Gan, Y., Luo, J., Han, T., Wang, H., Yang, R., & Tian, L. (2025). Farm households’ livelihood adaptive capacity under multiple pressures of small watershed management. Ecological Indicators, 178, 114035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114035
Talan, J. P., Li, D. E., Klaas, H. K. O., Killa, M. F., Saragih, E. C., & Sagala, S. (2024). Informal Social Protection: The Role of Social Capital. https://rdiglobal.org/publications/view/90009/informal-social-protection-the-role-of-social-capital
Tenzing, J. D. (2019). Integrating social protection and climate change adaptation: A review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.626
United Nations. (2015). Paris Agreement. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf
United Nations Development Programme. (2022). Adaptive Social Protection: Paving Pathways Toward Stronger Recovery and Resilient Communities in Developing Countries, LDCs and SIDS. https://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/e-library/file_upload/koleksi/migrasi-data-publikasi/file/Policy_Paper/Scoping%20Note_Adaptive%20Social%20Protection.pdf
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030#downloads
World Bank. (2012). FONDEN: Mexico’s Natural Disaster Fund-A Review. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/8351219a-b806-559e-8d4d-62de1aa16374
World Bank Group. (2022). Adaptive Social Protection in Southern Africa. https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/adaptive-social-protection-southern-africa
World Health Organization. (2023). Climate Change. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Latika Putri Barliani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
