Optimizing public space design through odd-even policy: Reducing traffic congestion and pollution in DKI Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jpstd.v2i1.2024.888Keywords:
air pollution, electric cars, odd-even, traffic jamsAbstract
Background: The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta issued Governor Regulation No. 155 of 2018 and its amendments regarding Traffic Restrictions with the Odd-Even System. This regulation aims to reduce congestion levels on 16 main roads. By decreasing congestion, the expected outcome is a reduction in air pollution levels in DKI Jakarta. However, there is concern that the implementation of Governor Regulation No. 155 of 2018 might lead to an increase in conventional car purchases, as affluent individuals may buy two cars with odd and even license plates. This choice is driven by the continued use of fossil fuel-based energy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Governor Regulation No. 155 of 2018 in reducing traffic congestion and air pollution in DKI Jakarta. Additionally, the study seeks to understand the relationship between the implementation of the odd-even traffic restriction system and electric vehicle sales. Methods: The research was conducted by analyzing secondary data obtained from government agencies and other institutions. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey was administered to individuals active on the 16 main roads where the odd-even policy is enforced. The study also analyzed the purchase levels of electric cars, which is one method for Jakarta residents to avoid fines on odd-even roads. Result: Based on the research findings, Governor Regulation No. 155 of 2018 and its amendments have not yet effectively reduced traffic congestion and air pollution in DKI Jakarta. Conclusion: The increase in electric car purchases potentially introduces new issues, such as the unsustainable management of nickel mines required for electric vehicle battery production. Therefore, other sustainable strategies are needed to address traffic congestion and air pollution. Novelty/Originality of the study: This study shows that Governor Regulation No. 155 of 2018 has yet to reduce congestion and air pollution in DKI Jakarta effectively. In addition, the increase in the purchase of electric cars as a solution to avoid fines has raised new problems related to the environmental impact of electric vehicle battery production.
References
BPS. (2022). Number of Motor Vehicles by Type (units) in the DKI Jakarta Province 2020-2022. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/indicator/17/786/1/jumlah-kendaraan-bermotor-menurut-jenis-kendaraan-unit-di-provinsi-dki-jakarta.html
Coffin, D., & Horowitz, J. (2018). United States International Trade Commission Journal of International Commerce and Economics The Supply Chain for Electric Vehicle Batteries The Supply Chain for Electric Vehicle Batteries Journal of International Commerce and Economics | 2. https://www.usitc.gov/journals
Directorate General of Climate Change Control, Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification Report 2020, (Jakarta: Directorate General of Climate Change Control, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020), p. 41. https://signsmart.menlhk.go.id/v2.1/app/frontend/pedoman/detail/44
Farda, M., & Balijepalli, C. (2018). Exploring the effectiveness of demand management policy in reducing traffic congestion and environmental pollution: Car-free day and odd-even plate measures for Bandung city in Indonesia. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 6(4), 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.07.008
Governor of DKI Jakarta Regulation Number 155 of 2018, as amended by Governor Regulation Number 76 of 2020, on Traffic Restrictions Using an Odd-Even License Plate System. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/163331/pergub-prov-dki-jakarta-no-76-tahun-2020
Harahap, D. R., Mesin, J. T., Negeri, M., & Belitung, B. (2017). PENGUJIAN PERFORMA BATERAI NICKEL-METAL HYDRIDE (NiMH) UNTUK MOBIL LISTRIK SATU PENUMPANG PADA KOMPETISI BALAP MOBIL LISTRIK ENE1-GP JEPANG 2017 (Vol. 9, Issue 1). https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/11/07/ini-volume-penjualan- mobil-listrik-di-ri-sampai-kuartal-iii-2022
IESR. (2020). Kendaraan Listrik dan Dekarbonisasi Sektor Transportasi Darat. Jakarta : Institute for Essential Services Reform. https://iesr.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Siaran-Pers-Kendaraan-Listrik-dan-Dekarbonisasi-Sektor-Transportasi-Darat-Indonesia_29_Mar_2020.pdf
Kawamoto, R., Mochizuki, H., Moriguchi, Y., Nakano, T., Motohashi, M., Sakai, Y., & Inaba, A. (2019). Estimation of CO2 Emissions of internal combustion engine vehicle and battery electric vehicle using LCA. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092690
Liu, D., Xu, L., Sadia, U. H., & Wang, H. (2021). Evaluating the CO2 emission reduction effect of China’s battery electric vehicle promotion efforts. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.101115
Manzini, F. (2006). Inserting renewable fuels and technologies for transport in Mexico City Metropolitan Area. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(3), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.024
Nugraha, Z., & Kusumathalhah, N. (2022). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah terhadap Belanja Modal pada Kota Langsa Provinsi Aceh Periode. Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v3i12.653
P&S Intelligence. (2020). Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Market to Grow with 18.3% CAGR Through 2030. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/newsreleases/lithium-ion-battery-recyclingmarket-to-grow-with-18-3-cagr-through2030-ps-intelligence-301157719.html
Sudjoko, C. (2021). Strategi pemanfaatan kendaraan listrik berkelanjutan sebagai solusi untuk mengurangi emisi karbon. Jurnal Paradigma: Jurnal Multidisipliner Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Indonesia, 2(2), 54-68. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpmmpi.v2i2.70354
Sulistyono. (2022). Kemacetan Kendaraan Pengguna BBM Fosil dan Dampaknya terhadapt Kerugian Ekonomi dan Lingkungan. Majalah Ilmiah Swara Patra, 12(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37525/sp/2022-01/274
Syarifuddin, N. (2022). Pengaruh Industri Pertambangan Nikel Terhadap Kondisi Lingkungan Maritim di Kabupaten Morowali. https://doi.org/10.25042/jrt2k.122022.03
Ulfa, R. A., Boedoyo, M. S., & Sasongko, N. A. (2021). Analysis of Battery Life Cycle for the Development of Electric Vehicles in Indonesia to Support National Energy Resilience. Energy Resilience, 7(2). https://jurnalprodi.idu.ac.id/index.php/KE/article/view/1080/912
USGS. (2020). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020. Virginia : U.S. Departement of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf
Zaidan, M., & Garinas, W. (2021). Study of Nickel Mineral Raw Materials for Electric Batteries in Southeast Sulawesi. Journal of Mining Engineering, 1(1).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Isnatami Nurul Azni, Whidas Prihantoro, Yana Anjana Saputra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
