IoT-enabled double-layered security door lock system for enhanced safety
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jimese.v4i1.2026.3592Keywords:
Arduino mega 2560, blynk, fingerprint authentication, IoT system, smart lock systemAbstract
Background: Conventional mechanical locks are vulnerable to key duplication and manipulation, while existing IoT-based smart locks often lack multi-layer authentication, real-time monitoring, and energy efficiency considerations. Furthermore, energy efficiency considerations in smart lock systems have received limited attention despite their importance for sustainable engineering. These limitations necessitate the development of more robust security architectures that integrate biometric verification with cloud-based access management to enhance system reliability and scalability. Methods: This study implements a dual-layer smart lock system integrating fingerprint authentication (AS608 sensor) with cloud-based remote control via Blynk IoT platform. The system uses Arduino Mega 2560 for local control and Wemos D1 Mini (ESP8266) for cloud communication. Performance was evaluated based on authentication accuracy (FAR/FRR), power consumption, battery endurance, and notification reliability. Findings: The system achieved FAR = 0% and FRR = 2.5% over 40 attempts, with 100% cloud notification delivery under stable Wi-Fi. Power consumption measured 4.5 W (standby) and 15.6 W (active). Battery endurance reached 19.54 hours (standby) and 5.64 hours (continuous active). Total system cost was IDR 753,635, significantly lower than commercial alternatives. Conclusion: The developed prototype successfully integrates biometric authentication with cloud-based monitoring, resulting in a secure, scalable, and energy-efficient access control solution suitable for residential and commercial applications. This research contributes a reproducible engineering blueprint for dual-controller IoT lock systems with explicit energy performance characterization. The system exhibits enhanced reliability, accessibility, and operational efficiency. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes a complete engineering blueprint for dual-layer IoT lock systems with explicit energy performance characterization, component-level power allocation, and cost analysis—features typically absent in existing smart lock literature.
References
Adedoyin, M., & Olukoya, F. (2024). Development of a Smart Lock System using QR Code Technology. ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD), 7, 484–492. https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0702.46-j
Aluri, D. C. (2020). Smart Lock Systems: An Overview. International Journal of Computer Applications, 177, 40–43. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2020919882
Anamika, S. A., Ar Rafi Khan, Md., Mayen Hasan Sefat, Md., & Kibria, M. G. (2020). Internet of Things-Based Smart Security Provisioning Using Voice-Controlled Door Locking System. In M. S. Uddin & J. C. Bansal (Eds.), Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (pp. 439–452). Springer Singapore.
Aniru, M. A., Osasenaga, E. V., Emmanuel, O. E., Gerald, M. O., & Melody, E. O. (2024). Design and construction of a smart lock system using Internet of Things (IoT). International Journal of Informatics, Information System and Computer Engineering (INJIISCOM), 6(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.34010/injiiscom.v6i1.14127
Belano, P. A., Campit, K. F. M., Mendoza, J. C. S., Rasing, K. A. S., del Rosario, J. R. B., & Bandala, A. A. (2023, November). Development of a microcontroller-based smart front DoorLock system. In 2023 IEEE 15th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM60674.2023.10589066
de Lima, A. B., Gurung, B., & Farhad, S. M. (2020). Efficient App Based Smart Door Lock System Using Bluetooth. In L. Barolli, F. Amato, F. Moscato, T. Enokido, & M. Takizawa (Eds.), Web, Artificial Intelligence and Network Applications (pp. 1046–1055). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44038-1_97
Gadupu, H., Mokharji, O., Kankaria, R., Kumar, S., & Jayavel, K. (2021). ACCESS - IoT enabled smart lock. International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES), 10, 176. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v10.i3.pp176-185
Hadis, M. S., Palantei, E., Ilham, A. A., & Hendra, A. (2018, March). Design of smart lock system for doors with special features using bluetooth technology. In 2018 international conference on information and communications technology (ICOIACT) (pp. 396-400). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOIACT.2018.8350767
Han, D., H. Kim, & J. Jang. (2017). Blockchain based smart door lock system. 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), 1165–1167. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTC.2017.8190886
Saad, I., Amran, N. S., Haris, H., & Tan, M. K. (2023, September). Development of contactless door lock system using text-dependent voice authentication. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET) (pp. 301-306). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IICAIET59451.2023.10291508
Lee, S.-W., Yu, J.-H., & Sim, K.-B. (2015). Real-time Streaming and Remote Control for the Smart Door-Lock System based on Internet of Things. Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems, 25, 565–570. https://doi.org/10.5391/JKIIS.2015.25.6.565
Mahali, M. I. (2016). Smart Door Locks Based on Internet of Things Concept with mobile Backend as a Service. ELINVO (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education), 1(3), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v1i3.14260
Patil, B., Vyas, P., & Shyamasundar, R. K. (2018). SecSmartLock: An Architecture and Protocol for Designing Secure Smart Locks. In V. Ganapathy, T. Jaeger, & R. K. Shyamasundar (Eds.), Information Systems Security (pp. 24–43). Springer International Publishing.
Permana, K. A., Piarsa, I. N., & Wiranatha, A. A. K. A. (2024). IoT-Based Smart Door Lock System with Fingerprint and Keypad Access. Journal of Information Systems and Informatics, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.51519/journalisi.v6i3.844
Prathapagiri, D., & Kosalendra, E. (2021). Wi-Fi door lock system using ESP32 CAM based on IoT. The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis, 13(7), 2000-2003. https://ijaema.com/VOLUME-XIII-ISSUE-VII-JULY-2021-SP/
Rahayu, Y., Afif, L., & Soh, P. J. (2022). Design and development of smart lock system based QR-Code for library’s locker at Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Riau. SINERGI, 26, 379. https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2022.3.013
Reza, R., Alam, A., & Islam, M. (2019). IoT and Wi-Fi Based Door Access Control System using Mobile Application. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAAICON48939.2019.09
Sobale, S., Patel, K., Patel, A., Nikam, S., Pathrabe, S., & Patil, S. (2022, December). OTP based door lock system with mobile application using Arduino UNO and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. In 2022 Sardar Patel International Conference on Industry 4.0-Nascent Technologies and Sustainability for'Make in India'Initiative (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPICON56577.2022.10180607
Sai, K. N., Sunil, T. D., & Eshwarappa, M. N. (2024). A comprehensive review of door lock security systems. Int J Circuit Comput Networking, 5(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.33545/27075923.2024.v5.i1a.61
Sharifuzzaman, Md., Islam, J., & Chowdhury, S. (2022). Designing and developing IoT based security system for smart home. Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, 25(7), 2049–2056. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720529.2022.2133244
Sinaga, D. H., Sembiring, M. A. R., Salman, R., Hutajulu, O. Y., & Sinuraya, A. (2023). Calculation of Capacity and Usage Time of Lithium-Ion Batteries on Electric Bikes With 350 W BLDC Motors. Fidelity : Jurnal Teknik, 5(2), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.52005/fidelity.v5i2.157
Singh, A. K., Laxmi, N. H, Shamith, K. M, & K. M. (2024). Design and Implementation of Smart Door Lock System Using IoT. 2024 8th International Conference on Computational System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions (CSITSS), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSITSS64042.2024.10816710
Sugihartono, T., Isnanto, B., Putra, R. R. C., & Pradana, H. A. (2019). Automation Smartlock for Implementing Smarthome Security Using Location Based Service. Jurnal Telematika, 14(1), 29–30. https://doi.org/10.61769/telematika.v14i1.259
Surekha, G., Cheruku, A. K., Methari, E., Mogili, M., Chennaram, S. K. G., & Anem, S. (2023). Smart locking system using RFID, biometric and OTP-based technologies. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2794(1), 020048. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0165986
Thakur, E. (2024). IoT-Enabled Smart Lock System. Journal of Electrical Systems, 20, 4090–4097. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.5412
Tiwari, A., & Waoo, A. A. (2024). DOOR SECURITY SYSTEM FOR HOME MONITORING BASED ON IOT. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(5), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i5.2024.1884
Yin, M., Huang, J., & Chen, H. (2021, May). Development of a smart lock system based on internet of things and cloud platform. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Design (AIID) (pp. 477-481). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIID51893.2021.9456578
Zainuddin, A. A., Abd Rahman, A. D., Nor, R. M., Hussin, A. A. A., Mohd, N. N. M. S. N., Shamsudin, A. U., & Sapuan, M. S. (2024). Innovative IoT smart lock system: Enhancing security with fingerprint and RFID technology. Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 360-365. https://doi.org/10.56532/mjsat.v4i4.335
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fachrul, Adelhard Rehiara, Pandung Sarungallo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
