Bioremediation based on palm oil sludge as an intervention for heavy metal pollution risk in industrial residential
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/eam.v2i2.2024.1641Keywords:
circular economy, environment, wasteAbstract
Background: The palm oil industry in Indonesia, often pollution the environment, especially water bodies, with waste containing hazardous metals. This can threaten the lives of aquatic organisms and damage ecosystems. Although the palm oil industry has become a pillar of the national economy with production reaching 46,986 tons in 2023, the waste problems generated, especially palm oil sludge, demand innovative and sustainable solutions. The limitations of existing technologies in handling heavy metal pollution drive the need for an interdisciplinary approach that not only reduces environmental risks but also provides economic added value through circular economy concepts and local resource empowerment. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of palm oil sludge-based bioremediation stones in the process of heavy metal adsorption. Methods: This study was conducted through descriptive analytical literature review with a qualitative approach. Findings: The results show that palm oil sludge-based bioremediation stones have microporosity characteristics and complex chemical compositions capable of absorbing heavy metals with efficiency reaching 85-92%. This innovation not only offers sustainable solutions, but also provides multidimensional benefits, including reduced public health risks and the creation of circular economic models. Conclusion: Through activation with sulfuric acid, the potential for heavy metal absorption can be increased by up to 35%, which implies a 70% reduction in environmental contamination in industrial areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This innovation integrates an interdisciplinary approach combining environmental science, chemistry, and resource management, potentially creating a replicable risk intervention model for industrial areas, with economic value.
References
Adegoke, K. A., Akinnawo, S. O., Ajala, O. A., Adebusuyi, T. A., Maxakato, N. W., & Bello, O. S. (2022). Progress and challenges in batch and optimization studies on the adsorptive removal of heavy metals using modified biomass-based adsorbents. Bioresource Technology Reports, 19, 101115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101115
Aftab, R. A., Yusuf, M., Ahmad, F., Danish, M., Zaidi, S., Vo, D. V. N., Nguyen, A.-T., Rahman, M. M., & Ibrahim, H. (2024). Green Technology Approach Towards the Removal of Heavy Metals, Dyes, and Phenols from Water Using Agro‐based Adsorbents: A Review. Chemistry–An Asian Journal, 19(19), e202400154. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202400154
AhmAhmad, I., Ibrahim, N. N. B., Abdullah, N., Koji, I., Mohamad, S. E., Khoo, K. S., Cheah, W. Y., Ling, T. C., & Show, P. L. (2023). Bioremediation strategies of palm oil mill effluent and landfill leachate using microalgae cultivation: an approach contributing towards environmental sustainability. Chinese Chemical Letters, 34(5), 107854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107854
Alengebawy, A., Abdelkhalek, S. T., Qureshi, S. R., & Wang, M.-Q. (2021). Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics, 9(3), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030042
Al‐Tabbaa, O., & Ankrah, S. (2019). ‘Engineered’ University‐Industry Collaboration: A Social Capital Perspective. European Management Review, 16(3), 543–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12174
Ambaye, T. G., Djellabi, R., Vaccari, M., Prasad, S., Aminabhavi, T. M., & Rtimi, S. (2023). Emerging technologies and sustainable strategies for municipal solid waste valorization: Challenges of circular economy implementation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 423, 138708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138708
Anwar, K. (2024). Green Economy and Sustainable Development: Jalan Menuju Industri yang Berkelanjutan. Penerbit NEM.
Assegaf, M. H., Rosyani, R., & Alamsyah, Z. (2024). Analisis Pemanfaatan Limbah Abu Kelapa Sawit sebagai Adsorben dalam Menurunkan Logam Besi (Fe) pada Air Asam Tambang. Universitas Jambi. https://repository.unja.ac.id/60382/
Ayob, S., Othman, N., Altowayti, W. A. H., Khalid, F. S., Bakar, N. A., Tahir, M., & Soedjono, E. S. (2021). A review on adsorption of heavy metals from wood-industrial wastewater by oil palm waste. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 22(3). https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-a215827c-e286-48f7-ab18-1fadfd9c8cd1
Aziz, A., Md Maniruzzaman, M., Kassim, K. A., ElSergany, M., Anuar, S., Jorat, M. E., Yaacob, H., Ahsan, A., Imteaz, M. A., & Arifuzzaman, A. (2020). Recent advances on palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment and anaerobic reactor for sustainable biogas production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 109603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109603
Azubuike, C. C., Chikere, C. B., & Okpokwasili, G. C. (2016). Bioremediation techniques–classification based on site of application: Principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32(11), 180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2137-x
Bala, S., Garg, D., Thirumalesh, B. V., Sharma, M., Sridhar, K., Inbaraj, B. S., & Tripathi, M. (2022). Recent strategies for bioremediation of emerging pollutants: A review for a green and sustainable environment. Toxics, 10(8), 484. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080484
BPS Indonesia [Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia]. (2024). Produksi Tanaman Perkebunan—Tabel Statistik—Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTMyIzI=/produksi-tanaman-perkebunan--ribu-ton-.html
Chai, W. S., Cheun, J. Y., Kumar, P. S., Mubashir, M., Majeed, Z., Banat, F., Ho, S. H., & Show, P. L. (2021). A review on conventional and novel materials towards heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment application. Journal of Cleaner Production, 296, 126589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126589
Fithry, D. A., Jusnita, J., Legawati, L., Ermal, D. A. S., & Prayogo, H. (2023). Review dalam Pembuatan Arang Aktif Berbasis Limbah Pertanian Dengan Microwave. Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi (JUTIN), 6(1), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v6i1.15632
Hiloidhari, M., Sharno, M. A., Baruah, D. C., & Bezbaruah, A. N. (2023). Green and sustainable biomass supply chain for environmental, social and economic benefits. Biomass and Bioenergy, 175, 106893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106893
Hoang, A. T., Nižetić, S., Cheng, C. K., Luque, R., Thomas, S., Banh, T. L., & Nguyen, X. P. (2022). Heavy metal removal by biomass-derived carbon nanotubes as a greener environmental remediation: A comprehensive review. Chemosphere, 287, 131959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131959
Humaida, N. (2024). Dasar-Dasar Pengetahuan Lingkungan Berbasis Perubahan Iklim Global. UrbanGreen Central Media.
Irfan, M., Mayasari, U., & Rasyidah, R. (2024). Potensi Isolat Bakteri Indigenos pada Tanah Sekitar Pembuangan Limbah Pertambangan Emas Martabe sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Merkuri (Hg). Spizaetus: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, 5(3), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.55241/spibio.v5i3.429
Jagaba, A. H., Kutty, S. R. M., Hayder, G., Baloo, L., Ghaleb, A. A. S., Lawal, I. M., Abubakar, S., Al-dhawi, B. N. S., Almahbashi, N. M. Y., & Umaru, I. (2021). Degradation of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn by Moringa-oleifera, zeolite, ferric-chloride, chitosan and alum in an industrial effluent. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.06.016
Joshi, S. S., Jadhav, P. K., Chourasia, N. K., Jadhav, P. J., Pathade, K. N., & Kanimozhi, K. R. (2024). Bioremediation Strategies For Soil And Water Pollution Harnessing The Power Of Microorganisms. Migration Letters, 21(S8), 1–20. https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/9226
Kapahi, M., & Sachdeva, S. (2019). Bioremediation options for heavy metal pollution. Journal of Health and Pollution, 9(24), 191203. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.24.191203
Karimi, S., Yaraki, M. T., & Karri, R. R. (2019). A comprehensive review of the adsorption mechanisms and factors influencing the adsorption process from the perspective of bioethanol dehydration. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 107, 535–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.025
Kennedy, P. S. J., Mangani, K. S., Hutabarat, F. A., Juliana, J., Licyano, N. V. A., Adrian, J., & Abednego, A. H. (2025). Peningkatan Pemahaman mengenai Bioremediasi: Solusi Efektif untuk Pengelolaan Limbah di Bantargebang. IKRA-ITH ABDIMAS, 9(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikra-ithabdimas.v9i2.4079
Kiran, S., Ahmad, T., Gulzar, T., Ashraf, A., Naqvi, S. A. R., & Naz, S. (2020). Agro‐Waste Applications for Bioremediation of Textile Effluents. In P. Pandit, S. Ahmed, K. Singha, & S. Shrivastava (Eds.), Recycling from Waste in Fashion and Textiles (1st ed., pp. 391–421). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119620532.ch18
Kuppan, N., Padman, M., Mahadeva, M., Srinivasan, S., & Devarajan, R. (2024). A comprehensive review of sustainable bioremediation techniques: Eco friendly solutions for waste and pollution management. Waste Management Bulletin. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949750724000622
Kusumaningrum, A. V. (2023). Analisis Risiko Logam Berat Pada Air Tanah dan Kualitas Air Lindi di Sekitar TPA Banyuroto Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Universitas Islam Indonesia. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/47396
Liu, Q., Geertshuis, S., & Grainger, R. (2020). Understanding academics’ adoption of learning technologies: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 151, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103857
Mahendra, L. R., Sukesi, T. W., & Mulasari, S. A. (2025). Upaya Pengendalian Pencemaran Logam Merkuri Terhadap Kegiatan Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil: Systematic Review. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan, 6(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.12928/jkpl.v6i1.11230
Mariana, M., HPS, A. K., Mistar, E. M., Yahya, E. B., Alfatah, T., Danish, M., & Amayreh, M. (2021). Recent advances in activated carbon modification techniques for enhanced heavy metal adsorption. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 43, 102221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102221
Mathew, F., Musthafa, A., Hari, A., & Thomas, V. (2023). Oil Palm Biomass as a Potential Heavy Metal Adsorbent:-a Review. Proceedings of the International Conference Emerging Trends in Engineering (YUKTHI 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4553169
Mondal, S., Singh, S., & Gupta, H. (2023). Green entrepreneurship and digitalization enabling the circular economy through sustainable waste management-An exploratory study of emerging economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 422, 138433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138433
Neris, J. B., Luzardo, F. H. M., da Silva, E. G. P., & Velasco, F. G. (2019). Evaluation of adsorption processes of metal ions in multi-element aqueous systems by lignocellulosic adsorbents applying different isotherms: A critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 357, 404–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.125
Nugraha, R., Varlitya, C. R., Judijanto, L., Adiwijaya, S., Suryahani, I., Murwani, I. A., ... & Basbeth, F. (2024). Green Economy: Teori, Konsep, Gagasan Penerapan Perekonomian Hijau Berbagai Bidang di Masa Depan. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Nursagita, Y. S., & Titah, H. S. (2021). Kajian Fitoremediasi untuk Menurunkan Konsentrasi Logam Berat di Wilayah Pesisir Menggunakan Tumbuhan Mangrove (Studi Kasus: Pencemaran Merkuri di Teluk Jakarta). Jurnal Teknik ITS, 10(1), G22–G28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v10i1.59848
Ohiagu, F. O., Chikezie, P. C., Ahaneku, C. C., & Chikezie, C. M. (2022). Human exposure to heavy metals: Toxicity mechanisms and health implications. Material Sci Eng, 6(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00183
Oktavia, D., Persada, C., & Abidin, Z. (2023). Identifikasi Atribut Dimensi Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan terhadap Keberlanjutan Industri Penggilingan Padi dan Batu Bata Di Kabupaten Pringsew. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroinfo Galuh, 10(3), 1904–1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jimag.v10i3.10605
Pramayshela, S. (2023). Penurunan Kandungan Logam Berat Kromium Heksavalen (CR-VI) dalam Larutan menggunakan Adsorben Batu Apung. Universitas Islam Indonesia. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/47421
Priantoro, E. A., Suryaatmana, P., Sumiarsa, D., & Sembiring, T. (2025). Fitoremediasi Logam Berat Sistem Lahan Basah Terapung Menggunakan Tanaman Akar Wangi (Chryzophogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) sebagai Hiperakumulator. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 26(1), 114–127. https://ejournal.brin.go.id/JTL/article/view/5052
Rahman, A., Hango, H. J., Daniel, L. S., Uahengo, V., Jaime, S. J., Bhaskaruni, S. V., & Jonnalagadda, S. B. (2019). Chemical preparation of activated carbon from Acacia erioloba seed pods using H2SO4 as impregnating agent for water treatment: An environmentally benevolent approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, 117689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117689
Rahman, Z., & Singh, V. P. (2019). The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: An overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(7), 419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7528-7
Riyanti, A., Hadrah, H., Kasman, M., Marhadi, M., & Samuel, S. (2024). Adsorben dari Lumpur Limbah untuk Penyisihan Kromium pada Fixed Bed Column. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 24(3), 2523–2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v24i3.5577
Salmenperä, H., Pitkänen, K., Kautto, P., & Saikku, L. (2021). Critical factors for enhancing the circular economy in waste management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124339
Sharma, P., & Kumar, S. (2021). Bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents by endophytes and their metabolic activity: Recent advances. Bioresource Technology, 339, 125589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125589
Sinambela, M., & Samson, O. A. (2024). Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Edamame terhadap Lumpur Padat Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk Fosfat di Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Agrofood, 6(2), 9–14. https://www.jurnal.polteq.ac.id/index.php/agrofood/article/view/187
Singh, B. J., Chakraborty, A., & Sehgal, R. (2023). A systematic review of industrial wastewater management: Evaluating challenges and enablers. Journal of Environmental Management, 348, 119230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119230
Sulistyawati, E., Firdaus, S. C. R., Safitri, M., & Murni, S. W. (2024). Kinetika Adsorpsi Ion Zn Menggunakan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) Teraktivasi EDTA dalam Air Limbah Batik Kayu. Eksergi, 21(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v21i2.12303
Sulistyo, S. (2018). Dampak Proses Sintering Material Keramik pada Sifat Mekanik dan Dimensi Suatu Produk. Rotasi, 20(4), 244–248. https://doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.20.4.244-248
Vinai, R., & Soutsos, M. (2019). Production of sodium silicate powder from waste glass cullet for alkali activation of alternative binders. Cement and Concrete Research, 116, 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.11.008
Wang, J., & Guo, X. (2020). Adsorption isotherm models: Classification, physical meaning, application and solving method. Chemosphere, 258, 127279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127279
Yang, X., Wan, Y., Zheng, Y., He, F., Yu, Z., Huang, J., Wang, H., Ok, Y. S., Jiang, Y., & Gao, B. (2019). Surface functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: a critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 366, 608-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.119
Yasmin, K., Hossain, M. S., & Li, W. C. (2024). Simultaneous immobilization strategy of anionic metalloids and cationic metals in agricultural systems: A review. Chemosphere, 143106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143106
Zhou, Q., Yang, N., Li, Y., Ren, B., Ding, X., Bian, H., & Yao, X. (2020). Total concentrations and sources of heavy metal pollution in global river and lake water bodies from 1972 to 2017. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00925
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fahmi Azrial, Fahrizal Sahdan, Okta Angelia Putri, Ika Listiana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
