Preparation of boron-doped diamond microelectrodes to determine the distribution size of platinum nanoparticles using current transient method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/eam.v1i1.2023.117Keywords:
boron-doped diamond (BDD), chronoamperometry, microelectrodes, platinum nanoparticles, size distributionAbstract
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) microelectrodes were prepared to investigate the correlation of hydrazine oxidation current responses with Pt nanoparticle (Pt NP) size distribution. The BDD film was grown on the surface of a tungsten needle with a diameter of 25 µm. An average particle size of around 5 µm BDD crystalline was successfully synthesized using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. The Raman spectrum confirmed the presence of diamond formation as indicated by peaks corresponding to C-C sp3 bonds, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum showed the presence of C-H and C-OH bonds on the surface of the BDD microelectrode. Meanwhile the Pt nanoparticles was synthesized through reduction reaction of PtCl62- solution using NaBH4 with citric acid as the capping agent. Particles size between 4.46 to 4.78 nm were observed by using TEM measurements. The BDD microelectrodes were utilized to investigate the relationship between Pt nanoparticle size distribution and the current generated from the oxidation reaction of 15 mM hydrazine in a 50 mM phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 in the presence of 1.0 mL nanoparticle solutions. A current range of 5 and 6 nA with a noise level of 0.15 nA was observed showing a good correlation with the particle sizes of Pt NPs. Comparison was also performed with the measurements using Au microelectrodes, indicated that the prepared BDD microelectrodes is promising for the measurements of nanoparticle sizes distribution, especially Pt NPs.
References
Aliyah, Nasution, M. A. F., Putri, Y. M. T. A., Gunlazuardi, J., and Ivandini, T. A., (2022.) Modification of Carbon Foam with 4-Mercaptobenzoic Acid Functionalised Gold Nanoparticles for an Application in a Yeast-Based Microbial Fuel Cell. RSC Advances 12 (44), 28647-57. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05100a
Alligrant, T. M., Nettleton, E. G., & Crooks, R. M. (2013). Electrochemical detection of individual DNA hybridization events. Lab Chip, 13(3), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2LC40993C
Asai, K., Ivandini, T. A., Falah, M., & Einaga, Y. (2016). Surface termination effect of boron‐doped diamond on the electrochemical oxidation of adenosine phosphate. Electroanalysis 128(1), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201500505
Castañeda, A. D., Alligrant, T. M., Loussaert, J. A., & Crooks, R. M. (2015). Electrocatalytic Amplification of Nanoparticle Collisions at Electrodes Modified with Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Langmuir, 31(2), 876-885. https://doi.org/10.1021/la5043124
Dery, L., Dery, S., Gross, E., & Mandler, D. (2023). Influence of Charged Self-Assembled Monolayers on Single Nanoparticle Collision. Analytical Chemistry, 95(5), 2789-2795. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04081
Ivandini, T. A., Rao, T. N., Fujishima, A., & Einaga, Y. (2006). Electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid at highly boron-doped diamond electrodes. Analytical chemistry, 78(10), 3467-3471. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac052029x
Ivandini, T. A., Saepudin, E., Wardah, H., Harmesa, Dewangga, N., & Einaga, Y. (2012). Development of a biochemical oxygen demand sensor using gold-modified boron doped diamond electrodes. Analytical chemistry, 84(22), 9825-9832. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac302090y.
Ivandini, T. A. & Einaga, Y. (2013). Electrochemical detection of selenium (IV) and (VI) at gold-modified diamond electrodes. Electrocatalysis, 4, 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-013-0169-7
Ivandini, T. A. & Einaga, Y. (2021). Electrochemical Sensing Applications Using Diamond Microelectrodes. Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan, 94, 2838-2847. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20210296
Ivandini, T. A., Saepudin, E. & Einaga, Y. (2015). Yeast-based biochemical oxygen demand sensors using Gold-modified boron-doped diamond electrodes. Analytical Sciences, 31(7), 643-649. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.643
Jamkhande, P. G., Ghule, N. W., Bamer, A. H., & Kalaskar, M. G. (2019). Metal nanoparticles synthesis: An overview on methods of preparation, advantages and disadvantages, and applications. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 53, 101174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101174
Jiang, Q., Peng, Z., Xie, X., Du, K., Hu, G., & Liu, Y. (2011). Preparation of high active Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell by citrate-stabilized method. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21(1), 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60688-2
Jung, Y., Ju, I. G., Choe, Y. H., Kim, Y., Park, S., Hyun, Y.-M., Oh, M. S., & Kim, D. (2019). Hydrazine Exposé: The Next-Generation Fluorescent Probe. ACS Sensors, 4(2), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.8b01429
Kellon, J. E., Young, S. L., & Hutchison, J. E. (2019). Engineering the Nanoparticle–Electrode Interface. Chemistry of Materials, 31(8), 2685-2701. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04977
Kuhlbusch, T. A., Asbach, C., Fissan, H., Göhler, D., & Stintz, M. (2011). Nanoparticle exposure at nanotechnology workplaces: A review. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 8(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-8-22
Kuhlbusch, T. A. J., Neumann, S., & Fissan, H. (2004). Number Size Distribution, Mass Concentration, and Particle Composition of PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 in Bag Filling Areas of Carbon Black Production. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 1(10), 660-671. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620490502242
Miao, R. & Compton, R. G. (2021). The electro-oxidation of hydrazine: a self-inhibiting reaction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 12(6), 1601-1605. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00070
Muharam, S., Jiwanti, P. K., Gunlazuardi, J., Einaga, Y., & Ivandini, T. A. (2019). Electrochemical oxidation of palmitic acid solution using boron-doped diamond electrodes. Diamond and Related Materials, 99, 107464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2019.107464.
Navalón, S. & García, H. (2016). Nanoparticles for Catalysis. Nanomaterials, 6(7), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano6070123
Ndolomingo, M. J., Bingwa, N., & Meijboom, R. (2020). Review of supported metal nanoparticles: synthesis methodologies, advantages and application as catalysts. Journal of Materials Science, 55(15), 6195-6241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04415-x
Pino, F., Ivandini, T. A., Nakata, K., Fujishima, A., Merkoçi, A., Einaga, Y. (2015). Magnetic enzymatic platform for organophosphate pesticide detection using boron-doped diamond electrodes. Analytical Sciences, 31(10), 1061-1068. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.1061
Qiu, X., Tang, H., Dong, J., Wang, C., & Li, Y. (2022). Stochastic Collision Electrochemistry from Single Pt Nanoparticles: Electrocatalytic Amplification and MicroRNA Sensing. Analytical Chemistry, 94(23), 8202-8208. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00116
Sardesai, N. P., Andreescu, D., & Andreescu, S. (2013). Electroanalytical Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Collisions at Microelectrodes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(45), 16770-16773. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja408087s
Smith, M., Scudiero, L., Espinal, J., McEwen, J. S., & Garcia-Perez, M. (2016). Improving the Deconvolution and Interpretation of XPS Spectra from Chars by Ab Initio Calculations. Carbon. Vol. 110. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.09.012
Suzuki, A., Ivandini, T. A., Yoshimi, K., Fujishima, A., Oyama, G., Nakazato, T., ... & Einaga, Y. (2007). Fabrication, Characterization, and Application of Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes for in Vivo Dopamine Detection. Analytical Chemistry, 79(22), 8608-8615. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071519h
Watanabe, T., Ivandini, T. A., Makide, Y., Fujishima, A., & Einaga, Y. (2006). Selective detection method derived from a controlled diffusion process at metal-modified diamond electrodes. Analytical chemistry, 78(22), 7857-7860. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac060860j.
Wei, W., Gou, R., Shu, C., & Guo, Z. (2023). Revealing Controlled Etching Behaviors of Gold Nanobipyramids by Carbon Film Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 127(16), 7808–7815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08530
Wu, G.-W., He, S.-B., Peng, H.-P., Deng, H.-H., Liu, A.-L., Lin, X.-H., Xia, X.-H., & Chen, W. (2014). Citrate-Capped Platinum Nanoparticle as a Smart Probe for Ultrasensitive Mercury Sensing. Analytical Chemistry, 86(21), 10955-10960. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac503544w
Xia, Y., Yang, H., & Campbell, C. T. (2013). Nanoparticles for Catalysis. Accounts of Chemical Research, 46(8), 1671-1672. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar400148q
Xiao, X. & Bard, A. J. (2007). Observing Single Nanoparticle Collisions at an Ultramicroelectrode by Electrocatalytic Amplification. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129(31), 9610-9612. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja072344w
Xiao, X., Fan, F.-R. F., Zhou, J., & Bard, A. J. (2008). Current Transients in Single Nanoparticle Collision Events. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(49), 16669-16677. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8051393
Xu, W., Zou, G., Hou, H., & Ji, X. (2019). Single Particle Electrochemistry of Collision. Small, 15(32), 1804908. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201804908
Xu, J., & Einaga, Y. (2020). Effect of sp2 species in a boron-doped diamond electrode on the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Electrochemistry Communications, 115, 106731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106731.
You, J.-G., Shanmugam, C., Liu, Y.-W., Yu, C.-J., & Tseng, W.-L. (2017). Boosting catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles for 4-nitrophenol reduction: Modification of metal naoparticles with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 324, 420-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.007
Zhou, H., Park, J. H., Fan, F.-R. F., & Bard, A. J. (2012). Observation of Single Metal Nanoparticle Collisions by Open Circuit (Mixed) Potential Changes at an Ultramicroelectrode. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(32), 13212-13215. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja305573g
