Effectiveness of administrative sanctions in improving waste management at final waste processing sites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/ajteoh.v4i1.2026.4030Keywords:
administrative sanctions, enforcement effectiveness, environmental law, final waste disposal sites, local government compliance, open dumpingAbstract
Background: Waste management represents an urgent environmental issue in Indonesia. According to data from the National Waste Management Information System in 2025, Indonesia generates approximately 144,839 tonnes of waste per day, of which only 34.49% is properly managed. As a follow-up measure, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) has imposed administrative sanctions in the form of government coercion orders against 250 final waste processing sites (landfill sites) at the district/city and provincial levels that continue to operate the open dumping systems. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of administrative sanctions in driving improvements in waste management, and identify the constraints faced by local governments in fulfilling administrative sanctions obligations. Methods: A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative-qualitative analysis with descriptive statistics was applied to secondary data comprising 230 compliance monitoring reports, supervisory inspection reports, and 63 sanction extension request documents from 2025. Findings: The findings demonstrate that administrative sanctions implementation has proven ineffective. Of 230 monitored landfill sites, only 5 (2.17%) were declared compliant, while 97.83% were non-compliant, with an average compliance score of 47.7%. This low compliance rate is not caused by a single factor but rather results from a three-constraint causal chain: budgetary limitations (37%) weaken technical capacity (34%), which exacerbates administrative barriers (29%). Furthermore, the 2025 national budget efficiency policy and the 2026 reduction in Regional Transfer Funds also exerted a significant impact. Conclusion: This study concludes that repressive and reactive administrative sanctions failed to promote sustainable behavioural change in waste management without support from preventive approaches, institutional capacity strengthening, and cross-level governmental collaboration. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study recommends strengthening technical assistance, vertical and horizontal resource distribution, integration of repressive-preventive instruments, and flexibility in the phasing of administrative sanctions obligations according to regional capacity.
References
Afif, M., & Sunggara, A. (2025). Analysis of the implementation of administrative sanctions on business compliance fisheries. Jurnal USM Law Review, 8(1), 491-508. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v8i1.11797
Anggraini, D., Asrinaldi, Zetra, A., & Valentina, T. R. (2025). Behind the garbage piles padang city’s waste management policy innovation model. Al Risalah, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v25i1.1769
Behnke, N., & Petersohn, B. (2025). Horizontal Intergovernmental Coordination at Local and Regional Levels. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chakraborti, L. (2022). Environmental deterrence in developing countries: Evidence from enforcement actions and fines under the toxics monitoring program of Mexico. Environment and Development Economics, 511–532. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X22000055
Garcia, L. C., & Fonseca, A. (2018). The use of administrative sanctions to prevent environmental damage in impact assessment follow-ups. Journal of Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.112
Gunarathne, V., Phillips, A. J., Zanoletti, A., Upamali, A., Vithanage, M., Di, F., & Pivato, A. (2024). Environmental pitfalls and associated human health risks and ecological impacts from landfill leachate contaminants: Current evidence, recommended interventions and future directions. Science of the Total Environment, 912(August 2023), 169026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169026
Handayani, E., & Hardiyanti, M. (2025). Forging a legal culture: criminal law enforcement in environmental protection amidst the sustainable development era. Clio: Revista de Historia, Ciencias Humanas y Pensamiento Crítico, 10, 249–281. https://ojs.revistaclio.es/index.php/edicionesclio/
Khaidar, N., Nurrahman, D., & Mubarak, T. (2023). The effectiveness of administrative sanctions against environmental pollution cases in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v2i2.66150
Lisdiyono, E., & Assalmani, A. (2017). Business activities and criminal responsibility of corporation according to the act no . 32 / 2009 concerning protection and management of the living environment. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 952–958. https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJMET/VOLUME_8_ISSUE_7/IJMET_08_07_103.pdf
Listiyani, N., & Nopliardy, R. (2022). Kajian terhadap UU Cipta Kerja Kluster Lingkungan Hidup atas Dihapusnya Prinsip Strict Liability. Al-Ulum Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 8(2), 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/alsh.v8i2.8274
Ma, X., Xin, B., & Wu, G. (2023). Multi-agent game analysis on standardized discretion of environmental administrative penalty. Frontiers Environment Science, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1064333
Manalu, P., Tarigan, F., Girsang, E., & Ginting, C. (2022). Hambatan Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga di Kota Binjai. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 21(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.3.285-292
Mtavangu, V. (2024). The Efficacy of Administrative Orders and Sanctions in Regulating Corporate Environmental Crimes in Mining Areas in Tanzania. Lead Journal, 20. https://doi.org/10.25501/SOAS.00041191
Ministry of Environment. (2025). 2025 Performance Report of the Directorate of Environmental Administrative Sanctions. Ministry of the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia.
Nizardo, N., Budianto, E., & Djuwita, R. (2021). Plastic waste management model solution in Ciliwung river basin. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 716(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012037
Osra, F. A., Elbisy, M. S., Mosaıbah, H. A., Osra, K., & Ciner, M. N. (2024). Environmental Impact assessment of a dumping site: A case study of Kakia dumping site. Sustainability 16(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103882
Rampjapedi, M. T., Adom, R. K., & Simatele, M. D. (2026). An analysis of the institutional and policy challenges for the sustainable Municipality of Limpopo Province. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 76(5), 359–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2026.2624799
Rosari, A., Darnis, & Patra, L. (2024). Penyederhanaan izin usaha pasca undang-undang cipta kerja , berdasarkan prinsip perizinan berbasis besarnya resiko berusaha. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik (JIHHP), 4(3), 314–328. htpps://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i3
Safitri, S. S. (2023). Interrelasi Denda Administratif dan Pidana dalamPelanggaran Hukum Lingkungan Hidup Pasca Perppu Cipta Kerja. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v9i2.590
Sari, P., Lestari, D., Nazarani, M., & Nababan, N. (2025). Pemerataan implementasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan TPA sampah di Indonesia. Adijaya Jurnal Multidisiplin, 3(2), 287–301. https://e-journal.naureendigition.com/index.php/jam/article/view/1785
Squintani, L. (2020). Addressing the (Lack of) Effectiveness of environmental law and the gap between law in the books and law in action. Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 17, 133–135. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01702002
Sugiyono, P. D. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Suryawan, I. G., Aryana, I. P., Suryadi, Y., Krsna, M. N., & Guterres, M. (2025). Reinforcing the ultimum remedium principle in environmental law enforcement: A three-layered approach under law No. 32 of 2009. Jurnal Hukum Unissula, 41(2). https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/43298/13171
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (2009).
United Nations. (2025). World Urbanization Prospects 2025. United Nations.
Valentina, T. R., Putera, R. E., & Salsabila, L. (2025). Collaborative governance in handling the waste crisis: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 20(2), 761–770. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.200225
Wongkar, V., Soputan, M., & Mamahit, C. (2025). Pandangan hukum penerapan sanksi administrasi terhadap pelaku pencemaran lingkungan hidup dalam mewujudkan pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v11i3.606
Yusmiati, Y., Imamulhadi, I., & Sekarwati, S. (2023). Pembinaan terhadap pelanggar hukum lingkungan dalam sistem penegakan hukum lingkungan berdasarkan undang-undang no. 32 tahun 2009. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Tata Ruang Dan Agraria, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v2i2.1266
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulia Indah Wahyuningsih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
