The pollution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) waste from PLN electrical activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/ajteoh.v1i1.2023.249Keywords:
PCB, PLN electrical activities, waste management, waste pollutionAbstract
PCB waste pollution from PLN (State Electricity Company) electrical activities is a serious problem that affects the environment and public health. This article discusses the sources and impacts of PCB waste pollution, as well as the steps that can be taken to address it. PCB waste originates from transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equipment used by PLN, and it can contaminate the soil, water, air, and surrounding living organisms. The consequences include ecosystem damage, disturbance of ecological balance, health risks, and even economic implications. To tackle this issue, effective waste management technologies such as retrofilling, thermal processes, and sodium processes need to be implemented. Additionally, strict waste management policies and regulations should be established, and public awareness of the dangers of PCB waste should be raised. By adopting these measures, we can mitigate the negative impacts of PCB waste pollution and work towards a cleaner and healthier environment.
References
Chiesa, L. M., Labella, G. F., Panseri, S., Pavlovic, R., Bonacci, S., & Arioli, F. (2016). Distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) IN wild Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from different FAO capture zones. Chemosphere, 153, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.010
Stockhlom Convention. (2001). The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/2232/De-
fault.aspx., 3 Desember 2021, pk. 13.57 WIB
Deif, A. M. (2011). A system model for green manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(14), 1553–1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.05.022
Erdmann, S. E., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Bechshøft, T., Vorkamp, K., Letcher, R. J., Long, M., & Bonefeld-Jørgensen, E. C. (2013). Xenoestrogenic and dioxin-like activity in blood of East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Chemosphere, 92(5), 583–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.059
Gupta, P., Thompson, B. L., Wahlang, B., Jordan, C. T., Zach Hilt, J., Hennig, B., & Dziubla, T. (2018). The environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cardiovascular disease: a potential target for antioxidant nanotherapeutics. Drug delivery and translational research, 8(3), 740–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-017-0429-9
Helmer, R., & Hespanhol, I. (1997). Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles (First Edit). WHO.
Hu, D., Martinez, A., & Hornbuckle, K. C. (2011). Sedimentary records of non-Aroclor and Aroclor PCB mixtures in the Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 37(2), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.03.001
Hsu, S. T., Ma, C. I., Hsu, S. K., Wu, S. S., Hsu, N. H., Yeh, C. C., & Wu, S. B. (1985). Discovery and epidemiology of PCB poisoning in Taiwan: a four-year followup. Environmental health perspectives, 59, 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.59-1568088
Ilyas, M., Sudaryanto, A., Setiawan, I. E., Riyadi, A. S., Isobe, T., Takahashi, S., & Tanabe, S. (2011). Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in sediments from riverine and coastal waters of Surabaya, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.006
Jacobson, J. L., & Jacobson, S. W. (1996). Intellectual Impairment in Children Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Utero. New England Journal of Medicine, 11(1996), 783–789.
Johnston, L. E. (1985). Decontamination and disposal of PCB wastes. Environmental Health Perspectives, VOL. 60, 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8560339
Jones, C. G., Silverman, J., Al-Sheikhly, M., Neta, P., & Poster, D. L. (2003). Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Industrial Transformer Oil by Radiolytic and Photolytic Methods. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(24), 5773–5777. https://doi.org/10.1021/es030412i
Lauby-Secretan, B., Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Baan, R., Mattock, H., & Straif, K. (2013). Carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls. The Lancet Oncology, 14(4), 287–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70104-9
Klaren, W.D., Gadupudi, G.S., Wels, B., Simmons, D.L., Olivier, A.K, Robertson, L.W. (2015). Progression of micronutrient alteration and hepatotoxicity following acute PCB126 exposure, Toxicology, 338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2015.09.004.
Kuratsune, M., Yoshimura, T., Matsuzaka, J., & Yamaguchi, A. (1971). Yusho, a poisoning caused by rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. HSMHA health reports, 86(12), 1083–1091.
Ludewig G, Robertson LW. (2012). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as initiating agents in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett, 334(1), 46 - 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.041.
Megson, D., Brown, T., Jones, G. R., Robson, M., Johnson, G. W., Tiktak, G. P., Sandau, C. D., & Reiner, E. J. (2021). Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations and profiles in marine mammals from the North Atlantic Ocean. Chemosphere, October, 132639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132639
PLN. (2016). Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Pengembangan Gardu Induk Group II. https://web.pln.co.id/statics/uploads/2017/05/FINAL-EMP-IPTD-2-G2-Published.pdf, 4 Desember 2021, pk. 10.10 WIB
PLN. (2020). Kerangka Perencanaan Pengelolaan Lingkungan dan Sosial Proyek Penguatan Distribusi Tenaga Listrik Jawa Timur – Bali. https://web.pln.co.id/statics/uploads/2020/11/ESMPF-Bahasa-Publish.pdf, 4 Desember 2021, pk. 10.28 WIB
Peraturan Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. P.29/MENLHK/SETJEN/PLB.3/12/2020 tentang Pengelolaan Polychlorinated Biphenyls. http://jdih.menlhk.co.id/uploads/files/P_29_2020_PENGELOLAAN_POLYCHLORINATED_BIPHENYLS_menlhk_01132021122424.pdf, 3 Desember 2021, pk.21.04 WIB
Reddy, A. V. B., Moniruzzaman, M., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2019). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment: Recent updates on sampling, pretreatment, cleanup technologies and their analysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 358, 1186–1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.205
Shin, S. K., & Kim, T. S. (2006). Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in transformer oils from Korea. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137(3), 1514–1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.031
Shoiful, A. et al. (2010). Konsentrasi Polychlorinated Biphenyls ( Pcbs ) Dan Polychlorinated. Environmental Science for Industry Laboratory, 1–10.
Sudaryanto Agus, Tatsuya Kunisue, Natsuko Kajiwara, Hisato Iwata, Tussy A. Adibroto, Phillipus Hartono, Shinsuke Tanabe. (2006). Specific accumulation of organochlorines in human breast milk from Indonesia: Levels, distribution, accumulation kinetics and infant health risk. Environmental Pollution, 139, 107 – 117.
United Nations Environment Programme. (2016). PCB Management Guidance Maintenance , Handling, Transport and Interim Storage of Liquids Containing PCB and Equipment Contaminated with PCB. 1.
UNIDO. Mengenal Polychlorinated Piphenyls: Warisan Masa Lalu, Petaka Untuk Masa Depan, 26 Oktober 2021.
Wikoff, D., Fitzgerald, L., & Birnbaum, L. (2012). Persistent Organic Pollutants: An Overview. In Dioxins and Health: Including Other Persistent Organic Pollutants and Endocrine Disruptors: Third Edition (Issue March). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118184141.ch1
Willson, T. M., & Kazmierczack Jr., R. F. (2007). The Public Health and Economic Impacts of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Contaminants on U.S. Fisheries.
Wolska, L., Mechlińska, A., Rogowska, J., & Namieśnik, J. (2012). Sources and fate of PAHs and PCBs in the marine environment. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42(11), 1172–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.556546
Zaynab, M., Fatima, M., Sharif, Y., Sughra, K., Sajid, M., Khan, K. A., Sneharani, A. H., & Li, S. (2021). Health and environmental effects of silent killers Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33(6), 101511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101511
Zhu, M., Yuan, Y., Yin, H., Guo, Z., Wei, X., Qi, X., Liu, H., & Dang, Z. (2021). Environmental contamination and human exposure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in China: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 805, 150270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150270.
