Integration of the S-O-R model and dedication–constraint mechanisms: Over-the-top platform vidio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/linkage.v3i1.2026.3994Keywords:
content diversity, dedication–constraint mechanisms, learning effort, personalization, resistance to switching, vidioAbstract
Background: The development of digital technology has changed the way people consume entertainment, from traditional television to Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms. As the OTT industry grows, competition among platforms has become more intense, giving users many alternatives and encouraging them to switch between platforms. Therefore, user retention has become a major challenge for OTT platforms, including Vidio. This study aims to analyze the effect of dedication-based factors (personalization and content diversity) and constraint-based factors (investment cost and learning effort) on continuous usage intention through use satisfaction and resistance to switching. Methods: This study uses the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework integrated with dedication–constraint mechanisms. A quantitative approach was applied through a survey of 213 active Vidio subscribers in Indonesia who had used the platform for at least three months. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The Organism block of S-O-R, Resistance to Switching, has a stronger influence on Continuous Usage Intention (with factor loading (β) = 0.560) than Use Satisfaction (0.262). In the other part, the stimulus block of S-O-R, Content Diversity, has a stronger impact on Use Satisfaction (0.427), compared to Personalization with 0.299 β value. On the other side, Learning Effort also gives more impact on Resistance to Switching (0.389) than Investment Cost (0.332). Mediation analysis shows that all indirect effects were significant. Use satisfaction significantly mediated the relationships between personalization and continuous usage intention and between content diversity and continuous usage intention. Resistance to switching also significantly mediated the relationships between investment cost and continuous usage intention and between learning effort and continuous usage intention. Conclusion: One of the strongest reasons why customers tend to continue the usage of Vidio as an OTT platform is their reluctance to put in the learning effort with other platforms. This also makes customers feel resistant to switching to other platforms and have the intention to continue using the Vidio OTT Platform. Novelty/Originality of this article: The research combines the S-O-R and Dedication–Constraint Mechanisms models. Vidio as OTT Platform also plays as unique object from this research.
References
Abd, H., Halim, E., & Elbadrawy, R. (2025). New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia Over-The-Top ( OTT ) streaming services examination from customers ’ perception : the case of Egypt. New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 31(4), 360–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2025.2533153
Afilipoaie, A., & Raats, T. (2021). The ‘ Netflix Original ’ and what it means for the production of European television content. Critical Studies in Television, 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/17496020211023318
Alba, J., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987). Dimensions of Consumer Expertise. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(March). https://doi.org/10.1086/209080
Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Reppel, A., & Anand, A. (2020). Customer experiences in the age of artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106548
An, S., Seo, J., & Choi, J. (2022). A Study on the Factors Affecting the Continuous Intention to Use Digital Content Over-the-Top Service. Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management, 50(1), 105-124. https://doi.org/10.7469/JKSQM.2022.50.1.105
Arkes, H., & Blumer, C. (1985). The Psychology of Sunk Cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(85)90049-4
Asia Video Industry Association. (2026). THE ASIA VIDEO INDUSTRY REPORT 2026.
Badr, N., Sharaf, S., & Mahrous, A. (2023). Streaming wars: an analysis of the growth and competitive landscape of the subscription video-on-demand services market. EuroMed J. of Management, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1504/EMJM.2024.135992
Bendapudi, N., & Berry, L. L. (1997). Customers' motivations for maintaining relationships with service providers. Journal of retailing, 73(1), 15-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(97)90013-0
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001a). An empirical analysis of the antecedents of electronic commerce service continuance. Decision support systems, 32(2), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9236(01)00111-7
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001b). Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation-Confirmation Model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
Bhattacherjee, A., Perols, J., Sanford, C., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2015). Information Technology Continuance : A Theoretic Extension and Empirical Test information technology continuance : a theoretic extension and empirical test University of South Florida. Journal of Computer Information System, 4417. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2008.11645302
Blom, J. (2002). A theory of personalized recommendations. In CHI'02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 540-541). https://doi.org/10.1145/506443.506471
Chang, S. C., & Chou, C. M. (2012). The roles of constraint-based and dedication-based influences on user's continued online shopping behavior. The Spanish journal of psychology, 15(3), 1177-1200. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n3.39406
Chou, E., & Lin, C. (2025). Good for all , good for me : the influences of dedication- and constraint-based switching barriers on user-generated contributions. Internet Research, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-05-2023-0363
Chung, Y., & Zhang, W. (2020). Effect of Service Characteristics of a Subscription-based OTT on User Satisfaction and Continuance Intention: Evaluation by Netflix Users. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 20(12), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2020.20.12.123
Colgate, M., & Lang, B. (2001). Switching barriers in consumer markets : an investigation of the financial services industry. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18, 332–347. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110393001
Dawi, N. M., Jusoh, A., International, A. H., Streimikis, J., Mardani, A., & International, A. H. (2018). The Influence of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Behavioral Intentions by Moderating Role of Switching Barriers in Satellite Pay TV Market. Economics and Sociology, 11(4), 198–218. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-4/13
Dick, A. S., & Lord, K. R. (1998). The impact of membership fees on consumer attitude and choice. Psychology & Marketing, 15(1), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199801)15:1%3C41::AID-MAR4%3E3.0.CO;2-N
Duong, C. D., Nguyen, T. H., Viet, T., & Ngo, N. (2024). Exploring higher education students ’ continuance usage intention of ChatGPT : amalgamation of the information system success model and the stimulus-organism- response paradigm. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-01-2024-0006
Egan, J. (2011). Exploring Relational Strategies in Marketing (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
Fran, A. (2024). Streaming Wars : Navigating the Competitive Landscape. Global Media Journal, 22(70), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.36648/1550-7521.22.70.452
Ganaie, A., & Bhat, M. A. (2021). Switching Costs and Customer Loyalty : A Review of literature. International Journal of Management and Development Studies, 10(05), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v10i05.369
Gao, L., & Bai, X. (2014). An empirical study on continuance intention of mobile social networking services network externalities and flow theory. Asian Pasific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-07-2013-0086
Gong, X., Liu, X., & Xiao, Z. (2022). A dedication-constraint model of consumer switching behavior in mobile payment applications. Information & Management, 59(4), 103640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2022.103640
Grønhaug, K., & Gilly, M. C. (1991). A transaction cost approach to consumer dissatisfaction and complaint actions∗. Journal of economic psychology, 12(1), 165-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(91)90048-X
Guo, M. (2022). The Impacts of Service Quality , Perceived Value , and Social Influences on Video Streaming Service Subscription. International Journal on Media Management, 24(2), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2022.2089991
Gupta, G., & Singharia, K. (2021). Consumption of OTT Media Streaming in COVID-19 Lockdown : Insights from PLS Analysis. SAGE Open, 25, 26–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262921989118
Haqqo, C. I., & Isharina, I. (2024). The Influence of Content Quality and Personalization on Continuous Intention to Subscribe Netflix through the Mediation Of Perceived Value. 5(5), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr55.8882024
Imanuddin, K. A., & Handayani, P. W. (2025). User continuance intention to use social commerce livestreaming shopping based on stimulus-organism-response theory. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2479178
Iyengar, R., Park, Y.-H., & Yu, Q. (2021). The Impact of Subscription Programs on Customer Purchases (Issue September).
Iyengar, R., Park, Y., & Yu, Q. (2022). The Impact of Subscription Programs on Customer Purchases. American Marketing Association, 59(6), 1101–1119. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437221080163
Jones, M. A., Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Beatty, S. E. (2000). Switching Barriers and Repurchase Intentions in Services. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00024-5
Jones, M. A., Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Beatty, S. E. (2002). Why customers stay : measuring the underlying dimensions of services switching costs and managing their differential strategic outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 55, 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00168-5
Karjaluoto, H., Hepola, J., & Lepp, M. (2020). Is it all about consumer engagement ? Explaining continuance intention for utilitarian and hedonic service consumption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57(April). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102232
Kee, A., & Yazdanifard, R. (2015). The Review of Content Marketing as a New Trend in Marketing Practices. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 2(9), 1055–1064. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17348407
Kim, B., & Kim, B. (2017). Understanding Key Antecedents of User Loyalty toward Mobile Messenger Applications : An Integrative View of Emotions and the Dedication- Constraint Model Understanding Key Antecedents of User Loyalty toward Mobile Messenger Applications : An Integrative View of Emotions and the Dedication-Constraint Model. International Journal of HumanâComputer Interaction, 33(12), 984–1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1304607
Kim, B., & Kim, D. (2020). Attracted to or Locked In ? Explaining Consumer Loyalty toward Airbnb. Sustainability, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072814
Kim, B., & Min, J. (2015). The distinct roles of dedication-based and constraint-based mechanisms in social networking sites: Byoungsoo Kim Jinyoung Min. https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2013-0253
Kim, S. S., & Son, J. (2009). Out of Dedication or Constraint? A Dual Model of Post-Adoption Phenomena and its Empirical Test in the Context of Online Services. MIS Quarterly, 33. https://doi.org/10.2307/20650278
Kim, Y., & Lee, S. (2017). Computers in Human Behavior Mobile gamer ’ s epistemic curiosity affecting continuous play intention . Focused on players ’ switching costs and epistemic curiosity. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.023
Klemperer, P. (1995). Competition when Consumers have Switching Costs : An Overview with Applications to Industrial Organization , Macroeconomics , and International Trade. The Review of Economic Studies Limited, 62, 515–539. https://doi.org/10.2307/2298075
Koul, S., & Ambekar, S. S. (2020). Determination and ranking of factors that are important in selecting an over-the-top video platform service among millennial consumers. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0174
Kuo, Y., Wu, C., & Deng, W. (2009). The relationships among service quality , perceived value , customer satisfaction , and post-purchase intention in mobile value-added services. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(4), 887–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.003
Ledger, D., Arkenberg, C., & Loucks, J. (2021). How streaming video services can tackle subscriber churn. Deloitte Insights. https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/technology/video-streaming-services-churn-rate.html
Liang, A. R., Lee, C., & Tung, W. (2014). Electronic Commerce Research and Applications The role of sunk costs in online consumer decision-making. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 13(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2013.10.001
Liang, T., Kong, H., & Chen, H. (2009). Effect of Personalization on the Perceived Usefulness of Online Customer Services : A Dual-Core Theory. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1145/1593254.1593296
Liang, T., Lai, H., & Ku, Y. (2006). Personalized Content Recommendation and User Satisfaction : Theoretical Synthesis and Empirical Findings Personalized Content Recommendation and User Satisfaction : Theoretical. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1222. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222230303
Liang, X., Huo, Y., & Luo, P. (2024). What drives impulsive travel intention in tourism live streaming ? A chain mediation model based on SOR framework. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 41(2), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2024.2310175
Liu, C., Maggie, Y., & Lee, C. (2011). International Journal of Information Management The effects of relationship quality and switching barriers on customer loyalty. International Journal of Information Management, 31(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.05.008
Lokadata. (2025). Peta OTT Video di Indonesia, dari Dominasi Netflix hingga Persaingan Konten Niche. https://surv.co.id/web/artikel/Peta-OTT-Video-di-Indonesia,-dari-Dominasi-Netflix-hingga-Persaingan-Sengit-Konten-Niche
Maduwinarti, A., & Kusbianto, N. (2025). The influence of customer personalization on customer satisfaction , engagement , and loyalty Indonesian E-commerce in the digital age. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(3), 1904–1914. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.6900
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). The basic emotional impact of environments. Perceptual and motor skills, 38(1), 283-301. https://doi.org/pms.1974.38.1.283
Menon, D. (2023). Purchase and continuation intentions of over -the -top ( OTT ) video streaming platform subscriptions : a uses and gratification theory perspective. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 5(March 2022), 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2022.100006
Minkiewicz, J., Evans, J., & Bridson, K. (2014). How do consumers co-create their experiences ? An exploration in the heritage sector. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(1--2), 30–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2013.800899
Mittal, B., & Lassar, M. (1996). The Role of Personalization Encounters in Service. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(96)90007-X
Muna, N., Sukresna, I. M., & Muna, N. (2024). Post-adoption model of mobile payment in Indonesia: Integration of UTAUT2 and the dedication-con- straint perspective Nalal. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8, 967–976. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.12.010
Okada, E. M. (2001). Trade-ins, mental accounting, and product replacement decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 433-446. https://doi.org/10.1086/319619
Pan, Z., & Cho, H. J. (2022). A study on the Factors Influencing Continuance Intention to Use Subscription-based OTT Platform Services. 2022 IEEE/ACIS 7th International Conference on Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Data Science (BCD), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/BCD54882.2022.9900848
Pandey, S., Choi, M. J., & Park, S. (2019). The evolution of over the top (OTT): Standardization, key players and challenges. Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, 13(4), 81-87. https://mjee.isfahan.iau.ir/article_696377.html
Park, Ji-hong. (2014). The effects of personalization on user continuance in social networking sites. Information Processing and Management, 50(3), 462–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2014.02.002
Park, J., & Jung, Y. (2024). Unveiling the dynamics of binge-scrolling: A comprehensive analysis of short-form video consumption using a Stimulus-Organism-Response model. Telematics and Informatics, 95, 102200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2024.102200
Patterson, P. G., & Smith, T. (2003). A cross-cultural study of switching barriers and propensity to stay with service providers. Journal of Retailing, 79, 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(03)00009-5
Pereira, H. (2017). The determinants of website purchases: the role of e-customer loyalty and word-of-mouth. International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEMR.2017.10006409
Polites, G., & Karahanna, E. (2012). Shackled to the Status Quo: The Inhibiting Effects of Incumbent System Habit, Switching Costs, and Inertia on New System Acceptance. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410404
Pollack, B. L. (2017). The Divergent “ Loyalty ” Behaviors of a Captive Consumer The Divergent “ Loyalty ” Behaviors of a Captive Consumer. Services Marketing Quarterly, 38(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332969.2017.1289788
Prabhavathy, R., & Senthilkumar, S. (2025). User Experiences in Over-The-Top ( OTT ) Streaming Media Platform Services. Qubahan Academic Journal, 5(2), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v5n2a1600
Prelec, D., & Loewenstein, G. (1998). The Red and the Black: Mental Accounting of Savings and Debt. Marketing Science, 17. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.17.1.4
Qin, M., & Xu, S. (2007, September). An extended expectation confirmation model for information systems continuance. In 2007 International conference on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing (pp. 3879-3882). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WICOM.2007.959
Rajput, A., & Gahfoor, R. Z. (2020). Satisfaction and revisit intentions at fast food restaurants. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00021-0
Sae-tae, K., & Wang, Q. (2024). Telematics and Informatics Reports Satisfied but no payment : The impact of perceived value on continuance intention and purchase intention in music streaming services. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 16(800).
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Status Quo Bias in Decision Making. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 59, 7–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055564
Saranya, P. S., & Jisha, K. (2024). Exploring OTT Platforms : Advantages, Challenge , and the Importance of Content Diversity and Inclusion. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 9(8), 855–859. https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2408183.pdf
Sharma, S. K., & Sharma, M. (2020). International Journal of Information Management Examining the role of trust and quality dimensions in the actual usage of mobile banking services : An empirical investigation. International Journal of Information Management, 44(July 2018), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.013
Shin, S., & Park, J. (2021). Factors affecting users ’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction of OTT services in South Korea. Telecommunications Policy, 45(9), 102203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102203
Soren, A. A., & Chakraborty, S. (2023). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services The formation of habit and word-of-mouth intention of over-the-top platforms. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75(February), 103460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103460
Sridevi, M., & Sarathy, T. (2025). Consumer Streaming Loyalty and Switching Behaviour across OTT Platforms in the Attention Economy. 2025(1), 1264–1282. https://psvmkendra.com/index.php/journal/article/view/297
Srivastava, K., & Sharma, N. K. (2013). Service Quality, Corporate Brand Image, and Switching Behavior : The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention Service Quality , Corporate Brand Image , and Switching Behavior : The Mediating. Services Marketing Quarterly, 2969. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332969.2013.827020
Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of economic behavior & organization, 1(1), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(80)90051-7
Tsai, J. C., Chen, L. Y., & Cai, M. H. (2023). Exploring Consumers'intention To Use Ott Video Streaming Platforms. International journal of organizational innovation, 15(4). https://www.ijoi-online.org/index.php/current-issue/436-exploring-consumers-intention-to-use-ott-video-streaming-platforms
Wahyuningsih, A. (2025). Year in review 2025: Tahun kejayaan konten lokal di layar streaming, K-Drama dan Hollywood lewat. Brilio.net. https://www.brilio.net/film/year-in-review-2025-tahun-kejayaan-konten-lokal-di-layar-streaming-k-drama-dan-hollywood-lewat-2512191.html
Wu, B., Guo, G., & Luo, P. (2024). The effect of subscriptions on customer engagement. Journal of Business Research, 178(April), 114638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114638
Wu, T., Jiang, N., Kumar, T. B. J., & Chen, M. (2024). The role of cognitive factors in consumers ’ perceived value and subscription intention of video streaming platforms : a systematic literature review. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2329247
Yoon, J. H., & Kim, H. K. (2023). Why do consumers continue to use OTT services ? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 60(June), 101285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101285
Yousaf, A., Mishra, A., Taheri, B., & Kesgin, M. (2021). A cross-country analysis of the determinants of customer recommendation intentions for over-the-top ( OTT ) platforms. Information & Management, 58(8), 103543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103543
Zhang, P., Meng, F., Kam, K., & So, F. (2021). Cocreation Experience in Peer-to-Peer Accommodations : Conceptualization and Scale Development. Journal of Travel Research, 60(6), 1331–1351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520938873
Zhu, Y., Janssen, M., Wang, R., & Liu, Y. (2022). It is me, chatbot: working to address the COVID-19 outbreak-related mental health issues in China. User experience, satisfaction, and influencing factors. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 38(12), 1182-1194. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1988236
Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Cambridge: Addison Wesley Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Linkage

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



