Direction of infrastructure concept based on resilient city in urban area

Abstract

Background: Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods frequently affect Indonesia, worsened by its location on the Ring of Fire and climate change. Bulukumba Regency is historically vulnerable to such hazards. To address this, the “Resilient City” concept focuses on a city’s ability to cope with disaster risks while maintaining social, economic, and environmental stability. Resilient infrastructure is a key component, ensuring long-term functionality and durability. Methods: This study applied a mixed quantitative, qualitative, and spatial approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using scoring, GIS mapping, and the qualitative 4R framework (Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, Rapidity) to assess urban resilience. Findings: The study found that the urban area exhibits a low level of resilience. The infrastructure concept for improvement emphasizes resilient design with durable materials, strong structural standards, periodic inspections, and strict construction quality. Backup systems, alternative infrastructure, and additional evacuation routes are planned to maintain functionality during disasters. Community capacity is strengthened through disaster management knowledge, skill development, cooperation networks, and technology utilization to improve response efficiency. Advanced early warning systems, comprehensive evacuation plans, and accessible emergency response infrastructure and documents are also recommended to accelerate response and recovery. Conclusion: Implementing the 4R approach is expected to enhance infrastructure resilience and increase overall urban resilience to multiple disaster types. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces a resilient city-based infrastructure framework grounded in the 4R approach, integrating the latest methods and in-depth analysis to guide disaster-resilient urban planning.