Impact analysis of forest and peatland landscape change: Socio-economic and environmental implications

Muhammad Dilheim Biru

doi:10.61511/jbkl.v2i2.2025.1129

Authors

Muhammad Dilheim Biru School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61511/jbkl.v2i2.2025.1129

Keywords:

ecology, peatland, Katingan, change, land cover

Abstract

Background: Peat forest land is highly susceptible to burning and releasing stored carbon and greenhouse gas emissions into the earth's atmosphere when its water content is used for plantations, agriculture and other uses. This study was conducted to analyze the progress of forest and peatland landscape development in Katingan District, Central Kalimantan Province and its potential ecological impacts on the environment. Methods: This research approach uses a quantitative approach to analyze landscape changes that occur within five years, namely in 2015 and 2020. The research was conducted by examining secondary data only. Finding: The results of this study show that the contrast in land increase between forest and peat land and non-forest land is not significant, as shown by the ratio of forest and peat land/non-forest land which increased by only 0.02 or 2% between 2015 and 2020. If the area of non-forest land continues to increase in the future, Katingan Regency is predicted to have a higher vulnerability to natural disasters. Conclusion: The results of land cover/landscape change in Katingan District, both forest and peatland (consisting of primary dry forest, secondary dry forest, secondary mangrove, swamp, swamp scrub, and secondary swamp forest) and non-forest land, both increased in area, respectively by 26,532.61 ha and 4813.64 ha from 2015 to 2020. Novelty of This Study: This study provides a unique perspective on the ecological impact of land cover changes in Katingan District by analyzing a five-year landscape transformation using a quantitative approach.

References

Boer, R., Dewi, R., Ardiansyah, M., Siagian, U. W. (2018). Indonesia Second Biennial Update Report: Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia.

BPS, Bappenas, UNFPA. (2018). Indonesia Population Projection 2010-2035. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics, BPS-Statistic Indonesia.

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Statistics Indonesia 2018: Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics/BPS-Statistics Indonesia.

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Katingan Regency in Figures 2021. BPS Katingan Regency/BPS-Statistics of Katingan Regency.

Gaveau, D. L. A., Sheil, D., Husnayaen, Salim, M. A., Arjasakusuma, S., Ancrenaz, M., Pacheco, P., & Meijaard, E. (2016). Rapid conversions and avoided deforestation: Examining four decades of industrial plantation expansion in Borneo. Scientific Reports, 6(September), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32017

Harden, C. P., Chin, A., English, M. R., Fu, R., Galvin, K. A., Gerlak, A. K., McDowell, P. F., McNamara, D. E., Peterson, J. M., Poff, N. L., Rosa, E. A., Solecki, W. D., & Wohl, E. E. (2014). Understanding human-landscape interactions in the "anthropocene”. Environmental Management, 53(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0082-0

Hartono, D. (2020). Online Workshop, Transforming REDD+ in Indonesia: The Katingan Mentaya Project (p. 5). http://katinganproject.com/impacts/1/climate

Keith, D. A., Rodriguez, J. P., Rodriguez-Clark, K. M. et al. (2013). Scientific foundations for an IUCN Red List of ecosystem. PLoS ONE, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062111

Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., Zhou, B., & (eds.). (2021). IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press. In Press., 42. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/

Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia. (2021). Recalculation of Indonesia's Land Cover in 2020: Directorate of Forest Resources Inventory and Monitoring. Directorate General of Forestry Planning and Environmental Management. Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia. (2020). Second Biennial Update Report: Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia

Mizuno, K., Fujita, M. S., Kawai, S. (2016). Catastrophe & Regeneration in Indonesia's Peatlands: Ecology, Economy & Society (eds Mizuno K, Fujita MS, Kawai S). NUS Press, Singapore, 466 pp.

Murdiyarso, D., Saragi-Sasmito, M. F., & Rustini, A. (2019). Greenhouse gas emissions in restored secondary tropical peat swamp forests. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 24(4), 507-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9776-6

MOEF. (2019). Book 1: Guidebook for Determining Regional DDDTLH. MOEF.

Mustapa, L. A., Purnamadewi, Y. L., & Dharmawan, A. H. (2019). Impact and Sustainability of the Rice Field Printing Program in Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Agricultural Policy Analysis, 17(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v17n2.2019.123-137

National Standardization Agency. (2010). Land Cover Classification. National Standardization Agency, 1-28.

Nawir, A. A., Murniati, Rumboko, L. (2008). Rehabilitasi hutan di Indonesia: akan kemanakah arahnya setelah lebih dari tiga dasawarsa?. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/002455

Parris, K. M. (2016). Ecology of Urban Environment. Wiley Blackwell.

Pauchard, A., Aguayo, M., Pena, E. et al. (2006). Multiple effects of urbanization on biodiversity of developing countries: the case of a fast-growing metropolitan area (Concepción, Chile). Biological Conservation, 127, 272-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.015

Posa, M. R. C., Wijedasa, L. S., & Corlett, R. T. (2011). Biodiversity and conservation of tropical peat swamp forests. BioScience, 61(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.10

Qirom, M. A., Yuwati, T. W., Santosa, P. B., Halwany, W., & Rachmanadi, D. (2018). Carbon Stocks Potential of Peat and Forests Typologies in Central Kalimantan. Journal of Forestry Science, 12(2), 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.40150

Ramdhan, M., & Siregar, Z. A. (2018). Peatland Management through Community Empowerment of Coastal Villages in the Peat Hydrological Area of Katingan and Mentaya Rivers in Central Kalimantan Province. Segara Journal, 14(3), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.15578/segara.v14i3.6416

Saragi-Sasmito, M. F., Murdiyarso, D., June, T., & Sasmito, S. D. (2019). Carbon stocks, emissions, and aboveground productivity in restored secondary tropical peat swamp forests. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 24(4), 521-533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-018-9793-0

Sumaatmadja, N. (1988). Studi geografi: suatu pendekatan dan analisa keruangan. Alumni.

Sumarga, E., Hein, L., Hooijer, A., & Vernimmen, R. (2016). Hydrological and economic effects of oil palm cultivation in Indonesian peatlands. Ecology and Society, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08490-210252

Tansley, A.G. (1935). The use and abuse of vegetation concepts and terms. Ecology, 16, 284- 307. https://doi.org/10.2307/1930070

Taufik, M., Minasny, B., Mcbratney, A. B., Van Dam, J. C., Jones, P. D., & Van Lanen, H. A. J. (2020). Human-induced changes in Indonesian peatlands increase drought severity. Environmental Research Letters, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab96d4

Wijedasa, L. S., Jauhiainen, J., Könönen, M., Lampela, M., Vasander, …, & Andersen, R. (2017). Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences. Global Change Biology, 23(3), 977-982. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13516

World Bank. (2006). Sustaining Economic Growth, Rural Livelihoods, and Environmental Benefits: Strategic Options for Forest Assistance in Indonesia. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/986501468049447840/sustaining-economic-growth-rural-livelihoods-and-environmental-benefits-strategic-options-for-forest-assistance-in-indonesia