Strengthening disaster resilience in Indonesia: A framework for sustainable recovery through the pentahelix model

Abstract

Background: Disaster management has evolved into a multidimensional effort, particularly as global risks related to climate change, urbanization, and environmental degradation intensify. According to UNISDR and UNDRR, disasters result from the interplay of hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity, disrupting communities and causing widespread human and environmental losses. In Indonesia, where various natural and anthropogenic hazards converge, sustainable disaster management is crucial to protecting development gains and community resilience. Methods: This study adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach by synthesizing conceptual frameworks from global and national disaster governance institutions such as UNISDR, BNPB, and related scholarly sources. The disaster management cycle—mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery—is analyzed alongside the Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) formulation to understand systemic risk factors and governance responses. Findings: Findings emphasize that effective disaster risk reduction requires a strong integration of sustainability principles across all stages of the disaster management cycle. These principles are best realized through the pentahelix collaboration model, involving five key stakeholders: government, community, private sector, academia, and media. This inclusive model promotes shared responsibility, adaptive capacity building, and the adoption of eco-friendly technologies to minimize environmental impact in disaster interventions. Conclusion: The successful implementation of sustainable disaster management strategies requires long-term commitment, policy alignment, and systemic coordination across sectors and scales—local, national, and international. While progress is being made, particularly through instruments such as the Indonesian Post-Disaster Needs Assessment/Pengkajian Kebutuhan Pascabencana (JITUPASNA), broader cooperation and innovation are essential to ensure that response and recovery efforts do not create new vulnerabilities or environmental risks. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a novel perspective by emphasizing the systemic application of sustainability principles in disaster management beyond emergency response, embedding them into the core of disaster governance. Additionally, it highlights the significance of the pentahelix approach as a transformative model for building long-term resilience in disaster-prone contexts.