Geospatial-Driven Maritime Border Security: Integrating AIS, Remote Sensing, and Naval Response Systems for Indonesia’s Strategic Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ALKI)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/rstde.v2i1.2025.2063Keywords:
automatic identification system, Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes, integrated maritime surveillance, geospatial intelligence, transnational maritime threatsAbstract
Background: As a strategic archipelagic nation with Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ALKI) that serve as vital global trade routes while remaining vulnerable to commplex maritime threats (including illegal fishing, smuggling, and maritime terrorisme), Indonesia requires an integrated Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT)-based maritime surveillance system. This system must combine Automatic Identification System (AIS), satellite imagery (SAR/optical), and rapid response capabilities from the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) to address infrastructure limitations, inter-agency coordination fragmentation, and increasingly sophisticated transnational threat dynamics. Methods: This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a systematic literatur review approach. Data were collected from Scopus-indexed international journals (Q1-Q2), national policy documents, reports from international organizations, and technology whitepapers through academic databese using keywords related to GEOINT, maritime surveillance, and maritime threat detection. The collected data were then thematically analyzed and synthesized into a conceptual model of an ALKI surveillance system. The analyzes is grounded in GEOINT and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) theories, with a specific focus on technology integration (AIS, SAR/optical satellite imagery) and maritime strategies. Findings: This study reveals that the integration of Artifcial Intelligence (AI)-based GEOINT through a combination of AIS, satellite imagery (SAR/optical), and GIS significantly enhances maritime threat detection (dark vessels and spoofing) and tactical response capabilities in the ALKI. However, its effectiveness depends on cross-agency data interoperability and the strengthening of national satellite infrastructure, necessitating maritime security governance reforms to address challenges such as IAS blind spots, jurisdictional overlaps, and limitations in realistic scenario to achieve a predictive and integrated surveillance system. Conclusion: This study introduces a transformational GEOINT-based maritime surveillance system that integrates AI, multi-sensor technologies (AIS, satellite, SAR radar), and spatiotemporal data fusion to enable real-time anomaly detection while generating rapid and predictive operational decision in the ALKI. Novelty/Originality of this article: Integrating Automatic Identification System (AIS), remote sensing, and sea-based rapid-response patrol systems to strengthen surveillance in the ALKI. This study highlights the application of geospatial technology in addressing surveillance blind spots and potential sovereignty violations along strategic national shipping routes.
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