Legal implications of debt transfer (cessie) in syariah banking: A case study of Decision No. 1922/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Btm
Keywords:
civil law, debt transfer (cessie), islamic law, pacta sunt servanda, syariah bankingAbstract
Background: The issue of debt transfer (cessie) in Islamic banking has raised legal questions, particularly regarding its conformity with Syariah principles. A case, Putusan No. 1922/Pdt.G/2020/PA. Btm, examines a dispute where a bank transferred a debt to a third party after the debtor failed to make payment, highlighting concerns about the legal validity of such transfers under Islamic law. Methods: This research utilizes a qualitative legal analysis approach by reviewing the case judgment of Putusan No. 1922/Pdt.G/2020/PA. Btm, relevant Fatwas, including Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 31/DSN-MUI/VI/2002 on debt transfer, and the Civil Code regulations. The study examines the legal basis of debt transfer within the scope of Islamic banking practices and the application of the pacta sunt servanda principle, comparing it with existing regulations on debt transfer under both conventional and Syariah law. Findings: The court’s ruling in this case declared the debt transfer to be invalid, as it contradicted Syariah banking principles. The case revealed that the transfer from an Islamic bank to an individual in the conventional sector was incompatible with Islamic financial regulations. The study found that while the civil law allows such transfers, the Islamic law framework, as outlined by National Sharia Council - Indonesian Ulema Council/Dewan Syariah Nasional - Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) Fatwa, does not support this practice. This inconsistency points to a broader issue of alignment between civil law and Islamic banking regulations in debt-related transactions. Conclusion: The research concludes that debt transfer (cessie) must be assessed within both civil and Islamic banking frameworks. The case highlights the need for adherence to pacta sunt servanda and Syariah compliance, as the bank's debt transfer violated Syariah principles, rendering it invalid. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article analyzes the legal conflicts between Islamic law and civil law on debt transfer, focusing on the challenges of harmonizing Syariah banking principles with Indonesia's national civil law system.
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