Identification of rodent species confirmed as the cause of leptospirosis disease with ecosystem distribution and environmental factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jocae.v2i1.2024.800Keywords:
ecosystem, environmental factors, leptospirosis, rodent identificationAbstract
Background: Leptospirosis outbreaks have been reported in various parts of the world, classifying it as a re-emerging infectious disease. Rats act as the main reservoir for Leptospira spp. bacteria. The Indonesian Ministry of Health reported 1,170 cases of leptospirosis with 106 deaths Case Fatality Rate (CFR 9.1%) in 2020, obtained from 8 provinces. Additionally, in 2021, there was a decrease in cases by 734, but with an increased CFR of 11.4%, with the largest contributors being Central Java and East Java. Objective: To determine the most dominant rodent species confirmed to cause leptospirosis and the distribution of ecosystems and environmental factors that are the dominant causes of leptospirosis. Methods: This paper is a narrative literature review study. Articles were searched through online databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords leptospirosis, rats, ecosystem, and environmental factors, published within the last 5 years. Findings: The identification results showed that Bandicota indica was the most dominant rodent species infected with leptospirosis. This type of rat is a commensal species. Leptospirosis cases occurred in non-forest ecosystems near settlements and coastal areas near settlements. The dominant environmental factors associated with leptospirosis incidence were poor sanitation conditions, indiscriminate waste disposal behavior, and stagnant water. Conclusion: The identification results indicate that Bandicota indica is the most dominant rodent species infected with leptospirosis, being a commensal rat species in non-forest ecosystems near settlements and coastal areas near settlements. The dominant environmental factors associated with leptospirosis incidence include poor sanitation conditions, indiscriminate waste disposal behavior, and stagnant water. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The study's findings confirmed that non-forest and coastal ecosystems near settlements are significant reservoirs for Leptospira bacteria. Additionally, it highlighted the critical role of poor sanitation, indiscriminate waste disposal, and stagnant water as environmental factors contributing to the transmission of leptospirosis.
References
Andriani, R., & Sukendra, D. M. (2020). Faktor lingkungan dan perilaku pencegahan dengan kejadian Leptospirosis di daerah endemis. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 4(3), 471-482. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v4i3.33710
Ardanto, A., Yuliadi, B., Martiningsih, I., Putro, D. B. W., Joharina, A. S., & Nurwidayati, A. (2018). Leptospirosis pada tikus endemis Sulawesi (Rodentia: Muridae) dan potensi penularannya antar tikus dari Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. BALABA: Jurnal Litbang Pengendalian Penyakit Bersumber Binatang Banjarnegara, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.22435/blb.v14i2.196
Ginting, G. K. R. B. (2022). Faktor lingkungan, perilaku personal hygiene dan pemakaian apd terhadap kejadian leptospirosis. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i2.53916
Gunawan, G., Wibowo, A. A., Nuridaryanto, E. B., Mentari, D. S., Septitiani, O., & Ningsi, N. (2022). Pemeriksaan Leptospirosis pada Tikus di Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Vektor Penyakit, 16(2), 115-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v16i2.6202
Handayani, F. D., Ristiyanto, R., Joharina, A. S., Rahardianingtyas, E., Mulyono, A., & Bagus, D. (2019). Diagnosis Laboratoris Leptospirosis. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3873/1/
Joharina, A. S., Pujiyanti, A., Nugroho, A., Martiningsih, I., & Handayani, F. D. (2019). Peran tikus sebagai reservoir leptospira di tiga ekosistem di Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Bul Penelit Kesehat, 47(3), 191-8. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v47i3.1885
Karpagam, K. B., & Ganesh, B. (2020). Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance—an updated review. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 39(5), 835-846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03797-
Kesuma, A. P., Mulyono, A., & Rokhmad, M. F. (2022, November). Potensi Penularan Leptospirosis dan Hantavirus Pada Manusia di Kalimantan Barat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi, 10, 6-72. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/semnasbiologi/article/download/2749/2205
Khariri. (2019). Survey of mouse diversity as an animal carrying Leptospira bacteria in Central Java Province. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 5(1): 42–5. https://smujo.id/psnmbi/article/view/3222
Krairojananan, P., Thaipadungpanit, J., Leepitakrat, S., Monkanna, T., Wanja, E. W., Schuster, A. L., ... & McCardle, P. W. (2020). Low prevalence of leptospira carriage in rodents in leptospirosis-endemic northeastern Thailand. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 5(4), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ftropicalmed5040154
Krijger, I. M., Ahmed, A. A., Goris, M. G., Groot Koerkamp, P. W., & Meerburg, B. G. (2019). Prevalence of Leptospira infection in rodents from Bangladesh. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(12), 2113. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph16122113
Lobo, L. T., Koraag, M. E., Widjaja, J., Joharina, A. S., & Pratiwi, A. P. (2020). Leptospirosis pada Tikus di Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Tahun 2016. Jurnal Vektor Penyakit, 14(2), 95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v14i2.3189
Muthiadin, C., Zulkarnain, Z., & Purba, R. A. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian leptospirosis dan pencegahannya. Teknosains: Media Informasi Sains dan Teknologi, 16(2), 214-220. https://doi.org/10.24252/teknosains.v16i2.28154
Nur, A. Y. Z. (2022). Hubungan Antara Penyimpanan Makanan dan Pembuangan Sisa Makanan dengan keberadaan Tikus. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(10), 4008-4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i10.933
Rachmawati, I., Adi, M. S., & Nurjazuli, N. (2023). Literature Review: Environmental Risk Factors of Leptospirosis in Indonesia. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 16(4), 505-512. https://jurnal.poltekkespalu.ac.id/index.php/JIK/article/view/1230/655
Rao, A. M. (2020). Rodent Control a Tool for Prevention of Leptospirosis-A Success Story on Human Leptospirosis with Gujarat State. Journal of Communicable Diseases, 52(3), 38-42. https://medical.advancedresearchpublications.com/index.php/Journal-CommunicableDiseases/article/view/242/351
Sholichah, Z., Ikawati, B., Marbawati, D., Khoeri, M. M., & Ningsih, D. P. (2021). Peran Tikus Got (Rattus norvegicus) dari kelompok tikus dan suncus sebagai Penular Utama Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Vektor Penyakit, 15(1), 53-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vektorp.v15i1.2607
Sholichah, Z., Wahyudi, B. F., Sianturi, C. L. J., & Astuti, N. T. (2021). Leptospira pada Tikus dan Badan Air serta Riwayat Penularan Penderita di Daerah Baru Kasus Leptospirosis di Bantul. Journal Kolegium, 17(1), 73-82. https://journalkolegium.epidemiologi.id/index.php/kei/article/view/120
Supranelfy, Y., S Hapsari, N., & Oktarina, R. (2019). Analysis of environmental factors on distribution of rats which confirmed as reservoir in three districts in South Sumatera Province. Vektora, 11(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.22435/vk.v11i1.1144.31-38
Sutiningsih, D., Hestiningsih, R., & Ratnaningsih, R. (2023). Identifikasi Keberadaan Bakteri Leptospira di Daerah Endemis Leptospirosis (Studi di Dukuh Kalitengah Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten). Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, 8(1), 56-60. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jekk/article/view/6902
Utama, M. A. H., Suhartono, S., & Budiyono, B. (2023). Identification of Captured Rat Species and Detection of Leptospira Bacteria: Study at the Gapura Surya Nusantara Passenger Terminal, Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya. Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia, 4(2), 89-94. https://doi.org/10.47679/makein.2023179
Wilkinson, D. A., Edwards, M., Benschop, J., & Nisa, S. (2021). Identification of pathogenic Leptospira species and serovars in New Zealand using metabarcoding. PLoS One, 16(9), e0257971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257971
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Character and Environment
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
