The behavioral changes of birds as a result of urban noise levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jocae.v3i1.2025.2077Keywords:
birds, forest city, noiseAbstract
Background: Bird conservation in Indonesia is still focused on the areas of conservation of specified government. As in the nature reserves, wildlife clan asylum and national park. Nevertheless there are birds that live outside conservation areas such as forest city. DKI Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia with a population of the most populous and has a forest city as a habitat of birds in urban areas, it become necessary to know research, equity, diversity, wealth, abundance, similarity species of birds, the difference in noise level and noise influence toward activity-voiced bird in three forest city of DKI Jakarta. Methods: Data retrieval method using point count with 24 point edge and central region in each forest city. Findings: Based on the findings presented in Chapter IV of the thesis, the study showed that higher noise levels and greater human presence significantly reduced bird vocal activity across three urban forests in Jakarta. The average noise level was highest in PT JIEP City Forest (66.55 dB), while human activity peaked in Hutan Kota Srengseng with 152 individuals recorded. A statistically relevant pattern was found: bird vocalization activity and the number of vocalizing birds were highest in areas with lower noise and human presence, supporting the hypothesis that anthropogenic disturbance negatively impacts bird behavior. Conclusion: This study reveals that noise levels and human presence significantly affect bird vocal activity and species diversity in urban forests of Jakarta, with lower noise and fewer people correlating with higher bird sound activity and diversity, highlighting the ecological importance of preserving and managing these green spaces. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents a novel investigation by integrating spatial (edge vs. center zones).
References
Alikodra. (2002). Pengelolaan satwa liar. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bibby, C., Kartikasari, S. N., Marsden, S., & Shannas, J. (2000). Teknik-teknik ekspedisi lapangan: Survey burung. BirdLife International Indonesia Programme.
Brumm, H. (2004). The impact of environmental noise on song amplitude in a territorial bird. Journal of Animal Ecology, 73(3), 434–440. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3505653
Catchpole, C. K., & Slater, P. J. (2003). Bird song: Biological themes and variations. Cambridge University Press.
Doelle, L. L. (1993). Akustik lingkungan (Prasetio, L., Penerj.). Jakarta: Erlangga. https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=13386&lokasi=lokal
Dooling, R. J., & Popper, A. N. (2007). The effects of highway noise on birds. Sacramento, CA: The California Department of Transportation Division of Environmental Analysis. https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/bio-effects-hwy-noise-birds-100707-a11y.pdf
Fandeli, C. (2001). Kriteria pembangunan hutan kota dalam perspektif lingkungan. Makalah Workshop Hutan Kota. Fakultas Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta.
Firdaus, A. B., Setiawan, A., & Rustiati, E. L. (2014). Keanekaragaman spesies burung di repong damar Pekon Pahmungan Kecamatan Pesisir Tengah Krui Kabupaten Lampung Barat. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 2(2), 1–6. https://jurnal.fp.unila.ac.id/index.php/JHT/article/view/357
Fuller, R. A., Warren, P. H., & Gaston, K. J. (2007). Daytime noise predicts nocturnal singing in urban robins. Biology Letters, 3(4), 368–370. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0134
Goller, F., & Larsen, O. N. (1997). A new mechanism of sound generation in songbirds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(26), 14787–14791. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.26.14787
Haryadi, D. S. (2016). Komunitas burung passerine di dua hutan kota dengan tingkat kebisingan berbeda (Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan). Universitas Indonesia.
Hernowo, J. B., & Prasetyo, L. B. (1989). Konsepsi ruang terbuka hijau di kota sebagai pendukung pelestarian burung. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/10928
Herrera-Montes, M. I., & Aide, T. M. (2011). Impacts of traffic noise on anuran and bird communities. Urban Ecosystems, 14, 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0158-7
Irwan, D. Z. (1994). Peranan bentuk dan struktur kota terhadap kualitas lingkungan kota (Disertasi tidak dipublikasikan). Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.
King, A. S. (1989). Functional analysis of the syrinx. In A. S. King & J. McLelland (Eds.), Form and function in birds (Vol. 4). Academic Press. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19802257036
Krebs, C. J. (1989). Ecological methodology. New York: Harper & Row Inc. Publisher.
MacKinnon, J. (1995). Panduan lapangan pengenalan burung-burung di Jawa dan Bali. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
MacKinnon, J. R., Phillipps, K., & van Balen, S. (1999). Burung-burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan: Termasuk Sabah, Sarawak dan Brunei Darussalam. Puslitbang Biologi-LIPI.
Magurran, A. E. (2004). Measuring biological diversity. New Jersey: Blackwell Scientific.
Marini, A. (1996). Pokok-pokok perhutanan kota. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Marler, P. (2004). Bird calls: Their potential for behavioral neurobiology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1016(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1298.034
Mediastika, C. E. (2009). Material akustik pengendali kualitas bunyi pada bangunan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
Partasasmita, R. (2003). Ekologi burung pemakan buah dan peranannya sebagai penyebar biji. Bogor: Makalah Falsafah Sains, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Patón, D., Romero, F., Cuenca, J., & Escudero, J. C. (2012). Tolerance to noise in 91 bird species from 27 urban gardens of Iberian Peninsula. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.09.002
Peterson, R. T. (1980). Pustaka Life. Jakarta: Tiara Pustaka.
Proppe, D. S., Sturdy, C. B., & St. Clair, C. C. (2013). Anthropogenic noise decreases urban songbird diversity and may contribute to homogenization. Global Change Biology, 19(4), 1075–1084.
Rif’at. (2013). Keanekaragaman jenis burung di Kepulauan Masalembu Sumenep, Jawa Timur (Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan). Universitas Islam As-Syafiiyah, Jakarta.
Rombang, W. M., & Rudyanto. (1999). Daerah penting bagi burung Jawa dan Bali. Bogor: PKA/BirdLife International-Indonesia Programme.
Sofyan, H. L. (2013). Analisis cadangan karbon pohon pada lanskap hutan kota di DKI Jakarta (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Welty, J. C. (1982). The life of birds. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing.
Widodo, W. (2011). Studi keanekaragaman spesies burung pada tiga tipe tata guna lahan di Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Pancar, Bogor. Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Environmental, and Learning, 10(1). https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/download/6372/5756
Zoer’aini, D. I. (2005). Tantangan lingkungan dan landskap hutan kota. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Kusholany, Handayani, Tatang Mitra Setia, Indarjani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
