COVID-19 contact tracing apps in the Netherlands and Indonesia and its privacy concerns: A comparative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jdmcr.v1i1.456Keywords:
Corona Melder, COVID-19, Peduli Lindungi, privacy policyAbstract
Background: In this COVID-19 pandemic, all affected countries are making efforts to end the pandemic quickly. One of the efforts made is contact tracing. At first, contact tracing is done by officers interviewing confirmed patients and then filling in the results of the interview on an epidemiological manually in investigation form. Then, the government developed a contact tracing application to optimize this activity. However, the use of the application raises the issue of user concern over the privacy of personal data entered into the application. This article compares the use of the app and user concerns about its privacy in the Netherlands and Indonesia. Methods: We use the comparative literature review method with inclusion criteria only including studies that provide information about the use of PeduliLindungi application in Indonesia and CoronaMelder in the Netherlands, especially those that discuss privacy policy concerns in their use. Finding: Both Netherlands and Indonesia have high population densities which is a risk factor for the easy spread of COVID-19. The governments of both countries have developed contact tracing applications to enhance their efforts in handling COVID-19. People using this application are concerned about the privacy policy of personal data entered into the application. However, it doesn’t reduce the number of application users because the use of these applications is required by the government. Conclusion: The importance of contact tracing activities in disaster management is of concern to the government so that these activities run optimally. The contact tracing application developed can be easily used but has a privacy policy issue that can be re-evaluated so that security can be increased in maintaining the privacy of users' data.
References
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). BPS: 270,20 juta Penduduk Indonesia Hasil SP2020. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/news/2021/01/21/405/bps--270-20-juta-penduduk-indonesia-hasil-sp2020.html.
Bente, B.E., van't Klooster, J.W.J.R., Schreijer, M.A., Berkemeier, L., van Gend, J.E., Slijkhuis, P.J.H., Kelders, S.M., van Gemert-Pijnen, J.E.W.C. (2021). The Dutch COVID-19 Contact Tracing App (the CoronaMelder): Usability Study. JMIR Form Res, 5(3), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33724198/.
Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, C., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Wei, L., Truelove, S.A., Zhang, T., Gao, W., Cheng, C., Tang, X., Wu, X., Wu, Y., Sun, B., Huang, S., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, T., Lessler, J., Feng, T. (2020). Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis, 20(8), 911-919. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32353347/.
Cahyaningrum, D. (2021). Urgensi Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Aplikasi Peduli Lindungi. Pusat Analisis Keparlemenan, Badan Keahlian DPR RI, V. https://pusaka.dpr.go.id/produk/isu-sepekan/page/10.
Coppola, D.P. Introduction to International Disaster Management. Elsevier.
Horstmann, K.T., Buecker, S., Krasko, J., Kritzler, S., & Terwiel, S. (2021). Who does or does not use the 'Corona-Warn-App' and why? European Journal of Public Health, 31(1), 49-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa239.
Ivers, L.C. & Weitzner, D.J. (2020). Can digital contact tracing make up for lost time? Lancet Public Health, 5(8), e417-e418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30160-2.
Jenniskens, .K., Bootsma, M.C.J., Damen, J.A.A.G., Oerbekke, M.S., Vernooij, R.W.M., Spijker, R., Moons, K.G.M., Kretzschmar, M.E.E., & Hooft, L. (2021). Effectiveness of contact tracing apps for SARS-CoV-2: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Open, 11(7):e050519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34253676/.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 75 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penanggulangan Krisis Kesehatan. http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/PMK_No__75_Th_2019_ttg_Penaggulangan_Krisis_Kesehatan.pdf.
Kurniawati, Khadapi, M., Riana, D., Arfian, A., Rahmawati, E., & Heriyanto. (2020). Public Acceptance of Pedulilindungi Application in the Acceleration of Corona Virus (Covid-19) Handling. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1641. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1641/1/012026.
Malilay, J., Heumann, M., Perrotta, D., Wolkin, A.F., Schnall, A.H., Podgornik, M.N., Cruz, M.A., Horney, J.A., Zane, D., Roisman, R., Greenspan, J.R., Thoroughman, D., Anderson, H.A., Wells, E.V., Simms, E.F. (2014). The role of applied epidemiology methods in the disaster management cycle. Am J Public Health, 104(11), 2092-2102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202981/.
Nsubuga, P., White, M.E., Thacker, S.B., Anderson, M.A., Blount, S.B., Broome, C.V., Chiller, T.M., Espitia, V., Imtiaz, R., Sosin, D., Stroup, D. F., Tauxe, R. V., Vijayaraghavan, M., & Trostle, M. (2006). Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Intervention. In D.T. Jamison, J.G. Breman, A.R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, D.B. Evans, P. Jha, A. Mills, & P. Musgrove (Eds.), Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (pp. 997-1015). The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.
Rowe, F. (2020). Contact tracing apps and values dilemmas: A privacy paradox in a neo-liberal world. International Journal of Information Management, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102178.
Siffels, L.E. (2021). Beyond privacy vs. health: a justification analysis of the contact-tracing apps debate in the Netherlands. Ethics Inf Technol, 23(1), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09555-x.
Sugihantono, A., Burhan, E., Susanto, D.A., et al. (2020). Pedoman Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Kementerian Kesehatan.
Surahman & Supardi, S. (2016). Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat PKM. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
UNISDR. (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. UNISDR.
van Brakel, R., Kudina, O., Fonio C., & Boersma, K. (2022). Bridging values: Finding a balance between privacy and control. The case of Corona apps in Belgium and the Netherlands. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 30(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12395.
Vitak, J. & Zimmer, M. (2020). More Than Just Privacy: Using Contextual Integrity to Evaluate the Long-Term Risks from COVID-19 Surveillance Technologies. Social Media and Society, 6(3). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/2056305120948250.
Vos, E.R.A., van Boven, M., den Hartog, G., Backer, J.A., Klinkenberg, D., van Hagen, C.C.E., Boshuizen, H., van Binnendijk, R.S., Mollema, L., van der Klis, F.R.M., de Melker, H.E. (2021). Associations Between Measures of Social Distancing and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity: A Nationwide Population-based Study in the Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis, 73(12), 2318-2321. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33772265/.
WHO. (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1.
World Bank. (2021a). Surface area (sq. km) - Netherlands. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2?locations=NL.
World Bank. (2021b). Population, total - Netherlands. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2020&locations=NL&start=2013.
World Bank. (2021c). Population density (people per sq. km of land area) - Netherlands. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST?end=2020&locations=NL&start=2018.
World Map. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.mapsofworld.com/.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fitrisia Rahma, Raldi Hendro Koestoer
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.