Toleransi varietas jagung (Zea mays) terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada fase perkecambahan dan vegetatif menggunakan tingkat konsentrasi PEG 6000
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jassu.v1i1.2023.56Keywords:
drought, seedling, stress, vigor indexAbstract
Corn (Zea mays L) is the second strategic commodity after rice. Limitations and uncertainties in water supply due to global warming are factors causing drought stress on agricultural land. One strategy to develop maize on dry land is to develop drought-tolerant varieties. This study aimed to determine the effect of PEG 6000 with different concentrations of four maize varieties on the drought stress tolerance of maize during the germination and vegetative phases. This research was from August to November 2020 at BPTP Banten and the Soil and Agro-climate Laboratory, Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRD) which consisted of two factors and three replications. The first factor is the corn variety which has four levels, namely A1 (Nasa-29), A2 (JH-27), A3 (JH 45), and A4 (Lamuru). The second factor is the concentration of PEG 6000 which consists of 5 levels, namely B1 (Control), B2 (5%), B3 (10%), B4 (15%), and B5 (20%). The results showed that each concentration of PEG 6000 produced varying results. Increasing concentrations of PEG 6000 decreased yields on vigor index, germination, root length, plumula length, seedling dry weight, and drought stress sensitivity index.
References
Abd Allah, A. A., Ammar, M. H., & Badawi, A. T. (2010). Screening rice genotypes for drought resistance in Egypt. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2(7), 205-215.
Abdolshahi, R., Nazari, M., Safarian, A., Sadathossini, T.S., Salarpour, M., & Amiri, H. (2015). Integrated selection criteria for drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding progs using discriminant analysis. Field Crops Res, 174(1), 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.01.009
Abdurachman, A., Dariah, A., & Mulyani, A. (2008). Strategi dan teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering mendukung pengadaan pangan nasional. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 27(2), 43–49.
Akbar, M.R., Purwoko, B. S., Dewi, I.S., & Suwarno, W.B. (2018). Penentuan indeks seleksi toleransi kekeringan galur dihaploid padi sawah tadah hujan pada fase perkecambahan. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 46(2),133-139. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i2.19086
Akmalia, H.A. (2017). Respon fisiologis dan produktivitas jagung (Zea mays L.) ‘Sweet Boy-02’ pada perbedaan intensitas cahaya dan penyiraman. Jurnal Teknosains, 6(2), 59-138.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. (2017). Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian. Kementerian Pertanian.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2006). SNI 04-7182-2006. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Banyo, Y. E., Ai. N. S., Siahaan, P., & Tangapo, A. M. (2013). Konsentrasi klorofil daun padi pada saat kekurangan air. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 13(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.13.1.2013.1615
Bänziger, M., Edmeades, G.O., Beck, D., Bellon, M. (2000). Breeding for Drought and Nitrogen Stress Tolerance in Maize from Theory to Practice. CIMMYT. https://repository.cimmyt.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10883/765/68579.pdf
Bouman, B. A. M., & Tuong, T.P. (2001). Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated rice. Agricultural Water Management, 49,11- 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00128-1
CIMMYT. (1994). Managing Trials and Reporting Data for CIMMYT’s International Maize Testing Prog. Mexico. http://hdl.handle.net/10883/697
Dubrovsky, J.G. & Go´mez-lomeli, L.F. (2003). Water deficit accelerates determinate developmental prog of the primary root and does not affect lateral root initiation in a sonorant desert cactus (Pachycereus pringlei, cactaceae). American Journal of Botany, 90, 823–831. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.6.823
Efendi, R. (2009). Metode dan Karakter Seleksi Toleransi Genotipe Jagung terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/5247
Efendi, R., & Azrai, M. (2010). Tanggap genotipe jagung terhadap cekaman kekeringan: Peranan akar. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 29(1).
Fenta, B., Beebe, S., Kunert, K., Burridge, J., Barlow, K., Lynch, J., & Foyer, C. (2014). Field phenotyping of soybean roots for drought stress tolerance. Journal of Agronomy, 4 (3), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy4030418
Fischer, R.A. & Maurer, R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivar: i, grain yield response. Australia Journal of Agric Res, (29), 897-912. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9780897
Hafif, B. (2016). Optimasi potensi lahan kering untuk pencapaian target peningkatan produksi padi aatu juta ton di Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 35(2). https://doi.org/ 10.21082/jp3.v35n2.2016.p81-88
Herawati, & Syafruddin. (2018). Pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung hibrida pada pemupukan kalium di lahan kering. Seminar Nasional IV PAGI 2018 – UMI, 77-807.
Hidayati, N., Hendrati, R.L., Triani, A., Sudjino. (2017). Pengaruh kekeringan terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum L.) dan johar (Cassia florida vahl) dari provenan yang Berbeda. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2017.11.2.99-111
Ilmawan, E., Subaedah, S.T., & Takdir, A. (2018). Analisis keragaan genetik jagung toleran cekaman kekeringan di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Jurnal Agrotek, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.33096/agrotek.v2i2.60
Islami, T., Utomo W. H. (1995). Hubungan Tanah, Air dan Tanaman. FKIP Semarang Press.
ISTA. (2010). International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition 2010. Internation al Seed Testing Association. https://www.seedtest.org/en/publications/handbooks-1170.html
Khaerana, Ghulamahdi, M., & Purwakusumah, E. D. (2008). Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan dan umur panen terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan xanthorrhizol temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb.). Buletin Agron. 3 (36), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v36i3.1383
Lenak, A. A., Nio, S.A., Feky, R., Mantiri, & Mambu S. (2014). Penggulungan daun pada padi lokal sulut saat kekurangan air. Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online, 3 (2), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.35799/jm.3.2.2014.5318
Levitt, J. (1980). Responses of Plants Environmental Stresses. Vol. 2 Academic Press. ISBN-9780124455016
Longenberger, P. S., Smith, C.W., Thaxton, P.S., McMichael, B.L. (2006). Development of a screening method for drought tolerance in cotton seedlings. Crop Science, 46(5), 2104-2110. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.01.0026
Meneses, C.H.S.G., Bruno, R.L.A., Fernandes, R.L.A., Pereira, W.E., Lima, L.H.G.M., Lima, M.M.A., & Vidal, M.S. (2011). Germination of cotton cultivar seeds under water stress induced by polyethyleneglycol-6000. Journal of Crop Science, 68(2), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162011000200001
Mirbahar, A.A., Saeed, R., Markhand, G.S. (2013). Effect of polyethylene glycol-6000 on wheat (Triticum aesativum L.) seed germination. Int. J. Biol. Biotech, (10), 401-405.
Monneveux, P., Sa´nchez, C., Beck, D, & Edmeades, G.O. (2005). Drought tolerance improvement in tropical maize source populations: Evidence of progress. Crop Sci, (46), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.04-0034
Mulyani, A., Nursyamsi, D., & Las, I. (2014). Percepatan pengembangan pertanian lahan kering iklim kering di Nusa Tenggara. Jurnal Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian, 7(4), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.21082/pip.v7n4.2014.187-198
Nio, S.A. (2010). Kandungan klorofil total, klorofil a dan b sebagai indicator cekaman kekeringan pada padi (Oryza sativa L,). Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 10, 86-90.
Okcu, G., Kaya, M.D., & Atak, M. (2005). Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Turk J. Agric, 29, 237-242.
Oemar, O., Soemartono, & Mangoedidjojo, W. (1997). Studi metode penyaringan ketahanan kedelai terhadap kekeringan menggunakan latutan polyethylene glycol. BPPS-UGM, 10(2B), 159-174.
Pusdatin [Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian]. (2020). Outlook Jagung Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Tanaman Pangan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian. https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/assets/docs/publikasi/Outlook_Komoditas_Tanaman_Pangan_Jagung_Tahun_2020.pdf
Rosawanti, P. (2016). Pertumbuhan akar kedelai pada cekaman kekeringan. Jurnal Daun, 3 (1).
Sharp, R.E., & Davies, W.J. (1979). Solute regulation and growth by roots and shoots of water-stressed maize plants. Journal of Planta, 147, 43-49.
Sopandie, D. (2006). Perspektif fisiologi dalam Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan di Lahan Marjinal, Orasi Ilmiah Guru Besar Tetap Fisiologi Tanaman. Bogor: Fakutas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. 16 September 2006.
Sumartini, S., Sulistyowati, E., Mulyani, S., & Abdurrakhman. (2013). Skrining galur kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L,) toleran terhadap Kekeringan dengan PEG 6000 pada fase kecambah. Jurnal Littri, 19 (3), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.21082/littri.v19n3.2013.139-146
Tubur, H.W., Chozin, M.A., Santosa, E., & Junaedi, A. (2012). Respon agronomi varietas padi terhadap periode kekeringan pada sistem sawah. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 40 (3), 167-173. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v40i3.6796
Verslues P.E., Ober, E.S., & Sharp, R.E. (1998). Root growth and oxygen relations at low water potentials, impact of oxygen availability in polyethylene glycol solutions. Journal of Plant Physio, 116, 1403–1412. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.116.4.1403
Verslues P.E, Agarwal, M., Agarwal, K.S., Zhu, J. (2006). Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status. The Plant Journal, 45, 523–539. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02593.x
Wahyunto, & Shofiyati, R. (2012). Wilayah Potensial Pertanian Lahan Kering untuk Mendukung Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pangan Indonesia. IARRD Press. Hal: 297-315. https://repository.pertanian.go.id/server/api/core/bitstreams/cdb55968-19ea-46b8-af6e-5e70aee25690/content
Yuwairah, Y., Ruswandi, D., & Irwan A.W. 2017. Pengaruh Pola Tanam Tumpangsari Jagung dan Kedelai terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil jagung hibrida dan evaluasi tumpangsari di Arjasari Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Kultivasi. 16 (3). https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v16i3.14377
Zaidi, P.H., Mani S.P., Sultana, R., Srivastava, A., Anup, K., Srinivasan G., Singh, R.P., dan Singh, P.P. 2007. Association between line per se and hybrid performance under excessive soil moisture stress in tropical maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Field Crop Research, 101, 117- 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.10.002
Zou, L.P., Sun, X.H. Zhang, Z.G., Liu, P., Wu, J.X., Tian, C.J., Qiu, J.L., & Lu, T.G. (2011). Leaf rolling controlled by the homeodomain leucine zipper clas IV gene Roc5 in rice. Journal of Plant Physiology. 156, 1589-1602. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.176016
