Integrating social governance principles: The role of diversity management and trust in fostering employee engagement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/esgsb.v2i1.2025.1808Keywords:
diversity management, employee engagement, organizational trustAbstract
Background: Diversity in Human Resource management is a challenge in a company. The development of technology, globalization, and migration encourage the acceleration of workforce diversity, especially in urban communities. The company's competitive advantage is the target of every company in carrying out its operations, one of the important factors driving this advantage is the management of Human Resources which leads to employee engagement. Diversity management is one of the aspects needed to increase employee engagement in employees. Methods: This study aims to analyze the effect of diversity management on employee engagement with organizational trust as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative research approach with purposive sampling data collection techniques conducted through a survey of 105 employees at PT BNI (Persero) Tbk. The data collected was then processed using the Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method using SmartPLS 4 tools. Findings: The results of the study indicate that diversity management has a positive effect on employee engagement, both directly and through the role of organizational trust as mediation. In addition, organizational trust also has a positive effect on employee engagement. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article uniquely examines the mediating role of organizational trust in the relationship between diversity management and employee engagement using a quantitative SEM-PLS approach, offering empirical insight into ESG-aligned human resource strategies.
References
Alshaabani, A., Hamza, K. A., & Rudnák, I. (2021). Impact of diversity management on employees’ engagement: the role of organizational trust and job insecurity. Sustainability, 14(1), 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010420
Annur, C. M. (2024). Women's Work Participation Consistently Increases Since the Pandemic. Databoks. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/03/08/partisipasi-kerja-perempuan-konsisten-meningkat-sejak-pandemi
Babbie, E. (2013). T he Practice of Social Research, 13th edition. Thomson Learning.
Bartz, D. E., Hillman, L. W., Lehrer, S., & Mayhugh, G. M. (1990). A model for managing workforce diversity. Management Education and Development, 21(4), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1177/135050769002100406
Berraies, S., Hamza, K. A., & Chtioui, R. (2021). Distributed leadership and exploratory and exploitative innovations: mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing and organizational trust. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(5), 1287-1318. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-04-2020-0311
Bexley, A., Dong, X. S., & Setyonaluri, D. (2023). Gender Equality and Diversity in Indonesia: Identifying Progress and Challenges. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute.
Bizri, R. (2018). Diversity management and OCB: the connection evidence from the Lebanese banking sector. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 37(3), 233-253. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-03-2017-0059
BNI. (2023). Sustainability Report 2023. BNI. https://www.bni.co.id/Portals/1/BNI/Perusahaan/HubunganInvestor/Docs/SR-BNI-2023-INA-final_highres.pdf
Choi, S. (2009). Diversity in the US federal government: Diversity management and employee turnover in federal agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(3), 603-630. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mun010
Cox, Taylor H. (1993). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco. Berrett-Koehler.
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 5th edition. SAGE Publications.
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: Introducing statistical methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks. Sage.
Gabarro, J. & Athos, J. (1976.) Interpersonal Relations and Communications. Prentice-Hall.
Gallup, I. (2017). State of the American Workplace. https://bendchamber.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Gallup_State_of_the_American_Workplace_Report.pdf
Gallup, I. (2023). Indicators: Employee Engagement. Gallup. https://www.gallup.com/394373/indicator-employee-engagement.aspx
Guillaume, Y. R., Dawson, J. F., Otaye‐Ebede, L., Woods, S. A., & West, M. A. (2017). Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 276-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2040
Hair Jr, J., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019). Essentials of business research methods. Routledge.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268
Hon, L. C., & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for Measuring Relationships in Public Relations. Institute for Public Relations.
Portal Informasi Indonesia. (2023). Distribution of the Number of Ethnic Groups in Indonesia. http://indonesia.go.id/mediapublik/detail/2071
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Kandola, R. & J. Fullerton (1998), Diversity in action. Managing the mosaic. Institute of Personnel and Development.
Koser, K. (2018). International Migration: A Canary in the Coalmine of Globalisation. https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/3/international-migration-a-canary-in-the-coalmine-of-globalisation/
Kossek, E. E., & Lobel, S. A. (1996). Introduction: Transforming human resource systems to manage diversity–an introduction and orienting framework. Managing diversity. Human resource strategies for transforming the workplace, 1-19.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 77(1), 11-37. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915892
Mazzetti, G., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2022). The impact of engaging leadership on employee engagement and team effectiveness: A longitudinal, multi-level study on the mediating role of personal-and team resources. Plos one, 17(6), e0269433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269433
Hunt, D. V., Layton, D., & Prince, S. (2015). Why Diversity Matters. McKinsey and Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/why-diversity-matters
Mullins, K. K. (2024). How Management Diversity Can Positively Impact Overall Corporate Performance. Forbes.
Neuman, L. W. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th ed). Pearson Education Limited.
OJK. (2022). Regulation of the financial services authority of the republic of indonesia number 24 of 2022 concerning the development of the quality of human resources in commercial banks. https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Documents/Pages/Pengembangan-Kualitas-Sumber-Daya-Manusia-Bank-Umum-/POJK%2024%20Tahun%202022%20-%20Pengembangan%20Kualitas%20Sumber%20Daya%20Manusia%20Bank%20Umum.pdf
Rama Devi, V. (2009). Employee engagement is a two‐way street. Human resource management international digest, 17(2), 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1108/09670730910940186
Richman, A. L., Civian, J. T., Shannon, L. L., Jeffrey Hill, E., & Brennan, R. T. (2008). The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work–life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention. Community, work and family, 11(2), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800802050350
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and psychological measurement, 66(4), 701-716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3, 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Schneider, B., Macey, W. H., Barbera, K. M., & Martin, N. (2009). Driving customer satisfaction and financial success through employee engagement. People & Strategy.
Schwarz-Wölzl, M., & Maad, C. (2004). Diversity und Managing Diversity, Teil 1: Theoretische Grundlagen. Zentrum für Soziale Innovation.
Shockley-Zalabak, P., Ellis, K., & Winograd, G. (2000). Organizational trust: What it means, why it matters. Organization Development Journal, 18(4), 35. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14037-002
Udechukwu, I. I., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2007). Determining the probability that an employee will stay or leave the organization: A mathematical and theoretical model for organizations. Human Resource Development Review, 6(2), 164-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484307300239
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Aditya Angga Darmawan, Eko Sakapurnama

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.










