Strategy for developing the utilization of organic waste as an alternative source of electricity in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/bioculture.v2i1.2024.950Keywords:
electrical energy, organic waste, renewable energy sources, waste to energyAbstract
Background: Indonesia has pledged to reach its Net Zero Emission target by 2060, necessitating the shift to renewable energy sources. To achieve this, Indonesia must transition from its current reliance on fossil fuel power plants to renewable energy generators, ensuring the same or greater electricity capacity. One viable renewable energy source is organic waste. This study aims to explore strategies for developing organic waste as an alternative energy source to bolster Indonesia's energy resilience and environmental sustainability. Method: The research employs a qualitative approach, including literature reviews and qualitative descriptive analysis. Findings: Waste to Energy (WtE) processes convert waste into electricity and/or heat, aiding in greenhouse gas reduction, improving waste management efficiency, and supporting sustainable development. WtE technologies can utilize both thermochemical and biochemical methods to convert waste into energy. The Indonesian government is known to have 12 projects to accelerate the installation of Waste Processing into Electrical Energy, both the Waste Power Plants that have been in operation and under construction and using gasification as the method. The development of WtE faces various challenges ranging from completeness and consistency of regulations, high tipping fees, complex cooperation mechanisms and business models, problems with the characteristics and nature of Indonesian waste that need special handling, and rejection from residents. Conclusion: Strategies that can be implemented in developing WtE in Indonesia include drafting policies and regulations, increasing public awareness, collaboration with the private sector, choosing the right technology, developing infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of waste collection, and international partnerships. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research offers concrete strategies to develop Waste to Energy (WtE) technology in Indonesia, including policy formulation, increasing public awareness, and collaboration with the private sector to utilize organic waste as a renewable energy source to support the 2060 Net Zero Emission target.
References
Al Hakim, R. R., Ariyanto, E., Arief, Y. Z., Sungkowo, A., & Trikolas, T. (2022). Preliminary study of juridical aspects of renewable energy draft law in Indonesia: An academic perspectives. Adliya: Jurnal Hukum Dan Kemanusiaan, 16(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v16i1.14063
Alkautsar, Y. Y. N. Y., Arbaatun, C. N., & Prawita, F. N. (2020). Matrash: The use of machine learning in the waste bank based IoT integrated with smart. E-Proceeding of Applied Science, 6(2), 4068–4076. https://openlibrary.telkomuniversity.ac.id/pustaka/files/162087/jurnal_eproc/matrash-pemanfaatan-machine-learning-pada-smart-trash-bin-berbasis-iot-yang-terintegrasi-dengan-bank-sampah.pdf
Arfidianingrum, D., Astra, I. M., Seta, A. K., & Rustanto, S. (2023). Analysis of influencing factors community participation in organic waste. Ecolab, 17(1), 1–11.
Ashokkumar, V., Flora, G., Venkatkarthick, R., SenthilKannan, K., Kuppam, C., Mary Stephy, G., Kamyab, H., Chen, W. H., Thomas, J., & Ngamcharussrivichai, C. (2022). Advanced technologies on the sustainable approaches for conversion of organic waste to valuable bioproducts: Emerging circular bioeconomy perspective. Fuel, 324(PB), 124313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124313
Muljono, A. B., Mukti, K. B. K., Natsir, A. (2022). Kajian teknis dan ekonomi pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah (PLTSa) menggunakan software LandGEM TPA Kebon Kongok Gerung Lombok Barat. Dielektrika, 9(1), 68–79. https://dielektrika.unram.ac.id/index.php/dielektrika/article/view/296
Brotosusilo, A., & Handayani, D. (2020). Dataset on waste management behaviors of urban citizens in large cities of Indonesia. Data in Brief, 32, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106053
Chen, H., Li, J., Liu, J., Li, T., Xu, G., & Liu, W. (2022). Thermodynamic and economic evaluation of a novel waste-to-energy design incorporating anaerobic digestion and incineration. Energy Conversion and Management, 252(December 2021), 115083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.115083
Dutu, R. (2016). Challenges and policies in Indonesia’s energy sector. Energy Policy, 98, 513–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.009
Faridha, Pirngadie, B., & Supriatna, N. K. (2015). Potensi pemanfaatan sampah menjadi listrik di TPA Cilowong Kota Serang Provinsi Banten. Ketenagalistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan, 14(2), 103–116. http://repository.unpas.ac.id/28369/
Gil, A. (2022). Challenges on waste-to-energy for the valorization of industrial wastes: Electricity, heat and cold, bioliquids and biofuels. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 17, 100615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100615
Hertadi, C. D. P., Sulaiman, M., & Anwar, P. G. P. (2022). Kajian industri energi terbarukan tenaga listrik di Indonesia berdasarkan arah kebijakan dan potensi alam. G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan, 6(2), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.33379/gtech.v6i2.1690
Kabir, Z., & Khan, I. (2020). Environmental impact assessment of waste to energy projects in developing countries: General guidelines in the context of Bangladesh. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 37(August 2019), 100619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2019.100619
Kalaiselvan, N., Glivin, G., Bakthavatsalam, A. K., Mariappan, V., Premalatha, M., Raveendran, P. S., Jayaraj, S., & Sekhar, S. J. (2022). A waste to energy technology for enrichment of biomethane generation: A review on operating parameters, types of biodigesters, solar assisted heating systems, socio economic benefits and challenges. Chemosphere, 293, 133486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133486
Khalil, M., Berawi, M. A., Heryanto, R., & Rizalie, A. (2019). Waste to energy technology: The potential of sustainable biogas production from animal waste in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 105, 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.011
Khan, I., Chowdhury, S., & Techato, K. (2022). Waste to energy in developing countries-a rapid review: Opportunities, challenges, and policies in selected countries of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia towards sustainability. Sustainability, 14(7), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073740
Kholiq, I. (2015). Pemanfaatan energi alternatif sebagai energi terbarukan untuk mendukung substitusi BBM. Jurnal IPTEK, 19(2), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1877-3435(12)00021-8
Kiran, E., Trzcinski, A. P., Ng, W. J., & Liu, Y. (2014). Bioconversion of food waste to energy: A review. Fuel, 134, 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.074
Kubota, R., Horita, M., & Tasaki, T. (2020). Integration of community-based waste bank programs with the municipal solid-waste-management policy in Makassar, Indonesia. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22(3), 928–937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-00969-9
Ma’arif, S., Widyawidura, W., Aridito, M. N., Kurniasari, H. D., & Kismurtono, M. (2019). Waste-to-energy development using organic waste recycling system (OWRS): A study case of Giwangan Market. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 9(1), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v9i1.8822.g7622
Mutmainnah, H., Pandiangan, F. A., & Hamzah, A. K. (2023). Analisis potensi sampah di TPA Toisapu sebagai bahan baku pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah (PLTSa) di Kota Ambon. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains Dan Teknologi, 8(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.36722/sst.v8i1.1384
Nisrina, S. F., & Rahmat, B. (2022). Algoritma hibrid untuk menentukan produksi listrik pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah di Semarang. Elkom: Jurnal Elektronika dan Komputer, 15(1), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.51903/elkom.v15i1.798
Nurfadhilah, I., Marliana, L., Lutfiah, L., & Zahra, S. F. (2022). Optimasi pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah berbasis teknologi co-gasifikasi thermal dengan refuse derived-fuel sebagai solusi permasalahan sampah dan lingkungan. Comserva Indonesian Jurnal of Community Services and Development, 1(10), 850–858. https://doi.org/10.36418/comserva.v1i10.169
Pham, T. P. T., Kaushik, R., Parshetti, G. K., Mahmood, R., & Balasubramanian, R. (2015). Food waste-to-energy conversion technologies: Current status and future directions. Waste Management, 38(1), 399–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.12.004
Pujotomo, I. (2016). Pemanfaatan sampah menjadi sumber energi. Energi & Kelistrikan, 8(2), 109–113. https://jurnal.itpln.ac.id/energi/article/view/243
Qodriyatun, S. N. (2021). Pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah: Antara permasalahan lingkungan dan percepatan pembangunan energi terbarukan. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, 12(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v12i1.2093
Rahim, M. (2020). Strategi pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan. Jurnal Sipilsains, 10(1), 151–156. http://ithh.journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/p2wd/article/view/22930
Saudi, M. H. M., Sinaga, O., Roespinoedji, D., & Razimi, M. S. A. (2019). The role of renewable, non-renewable electricity consumption and carbon emission in development in Indonesia: Evidence from distributed lag tests. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(3), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7730
Setyono, A. E., & Sinaga, N. (2021). Zero waste Indonesia: Peluang, tantangan dan optimalisasi waste to energy. Eksergi, 17(2), 116. https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v17i2.2619
Sharma, S., Basu, S., Shetti, N. P., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2020). Waste-to-energy nexus for circular economy and environmental protection: Recent trends in hydrogen energy. Science of the Total Environment, 713, 136633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136633
Silva-Martínez, R. D., Sanches-Pereira, A., Ortiz, W., Gómez Galindo, M. F., & Coelho, S. T. (2020). The state-of-the-art of organic waste to energy in Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and opportunities. Renewable Energy, 156, 509–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.056
Simanjuntak, J. P., Napitupulu, R. A. M., & Lumbangaol, P. (2022). Rancangan fasilitas pembangkit listrik tenaga sampah: Studi kasus di Kota Medan Sumatera Utara. SJoME, 3(2), 84–93. https://jurnal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/mechanical/article/view/636/267
Suhartini, S., Rohma, N. A., Elviliana, Santoso, I., Paul, R., Listiningrum, P., & Melville, L. (2022). Food waste to bioenergy: Current status and role in future circular economies in Indonesia. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 7(4), 297–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-022-00248-3
Tassakka, M. I. S., Islami, B. B., Saragih, F. N. A., & Priadi, C. R. (2019). Optimum organic loading rates (OLR) for food waste anaerobic digestion: Study case Universitas Indonesia. International Journal of Technology, 10(6), 1105–1111. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i6.3613
Varjani, S., Shahbeig, H., Popat, K., Patel, Z., Vyas, S., Shah, A. V., Barceló, D., Hao Ngo, H., Sonne, C., Shiung Lam, S., Aghbashlo, M., & Tabatabaei, M. (2022). Sustainable management of municipal solid waste through waste-to-energy technologies. Bioresource Technology, 355(February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127247
Vlachokostas, C., Michailidou, A. V., & Achillas, C. (2021). Multi-criteria decision analysis towards promoting waste-to-energy management strategies: A critical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 138(May 2020), 110563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110563
Wienchol, P., Szlęk, A., & Ditaranto, M. (2020). Waste-to-energy technology integrated with carbon capture – Challenges and opportunities. Energy, 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117352
Yuliani, M., Otivriyanti, G., Yusuf, N. R., & ... (2022). Kajian tekno-ekonomi penerapan insinerator waste-to-energy di Indonesia (Kasus pada Kota “X"): A techno-economic study on the application of waste-to-energy …. Jurnal Teknologi, 23(2), 126–134. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/2931798
Zhou, Z., Tang, Y., Chi, Y., Ni, M., & Buekens, A. (2018). Waste-to-energy: A review of life cycle assessment and its extension methods. Waste Management and Research, 36(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17730137
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Bioculture Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
