Mothers' experiences in stunting prevention efforts for children under five: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a multidimensional public health problem, and its prevention requires family involvement, particularly from mothers as the primary caregivers of children. Various studies have identified maternal, nutritional, socioeconomic, cultural, and health service factors associated with stunting; however, mothers' experiences in translating health information into daily preventive practices still require in-depth understanding. This study aimed to explore mothers' experiences in undertaking stunting prevention efforts for children under five years. Methods: This study employed a qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach. A total of 10 mothers with children aged 12–59 months were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and field notes, then analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method through the identification of significant statements, formulation of meanings, categorization of themes, and theme development. Findings: The analysis generated 5 main themes: mothers' understanding of stunting developed through interaction with health services; nutritional fulfillment served as the primary form of prevention; Posyandu (Pos Layanan Terpadu/Integrated Health Posts) and health workers served as sources of support; economic limitations, children's feeding difficulties, time constraints, and family habits constituted barriers to prevention; and family support strengthened preventive practices. The findings indicate that mothers' experiences in preventing stunting represent a multidimensional process shaped by the interaction between knowledge, caregiving practices, family resources, sociocultural context, and health services. Conclusion: Stunting prevention cannot rely solely on improving maternal knowledge but requires a contextual, family-centered community nursing approach. Strengthening health education, involving husbands and families, providing mentorship from cadres and health workers, and optimizing Posyandu services are needed to help mothers overcome the various barriers to implementing stunting prevention in their daily lives. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study contributes a novel, family- and community-centered perspective on stunting prevention by highlighting the role of Posyandu cadres as a local support system embedded in Indonesian rural culture.