Basuki Rahmat Corridor’s sidewalk: an observation

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Introduction
All human activities need space.This condition is reinforced by the statement of Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning that space is a container that includes land space, sea space, and air space, including space inside the earth as a unified territory where humans and other creatures live, carry out activities, and maintain its survival.Experts also define open space as one of the urban spatial structures in the form of voids in which functional activities or ritual activities occur that bring together groups of people in their regular daily routines and routine activities so that it can also be used as one of the support social interaction (Carr, 1992;Zahnd, 1999).According to Shirvani (1985), the elements of open space are all landscape features, hardscape (roads, sidewalks, etc.), parks, and urban recreation spaces.Open spaces dominated by the natural environment outside and inside the city, such as parks, courtyards, city recreation areas, and green belts, are called green open spaces (Trancik, 1986).
The Tunjungan area, especially the Jalan Basuki Rahmat corridor, is the object of this study because this corridor is an essential element of accessibility for the trade and service area of Surabaya City.According to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No.03/PRT/M/2014, a pedestrian network that is safe, comfortable, and humane in urban areas is an essential component that must be provided to increase the effectiveness of mobility of residents in urban areas.One of the most significant activity generators in the study area is the use of trade and service land, which previously was able to revive this corridor.This study aims to observe the environment of the Basuki Rahmat Street corridor and identify the condition of the existing pedestrian paths.The research questions are as follows: 1. Identifying Basuki Rahmat corridor in general 2. Analysing sidewalk's condition along the Basuki rahmat corridor This research has clear goals because the previous research has yet to elaborate detailed information on the Basuki Rahmat corridor comprehensively.Thus, this study will produce profound observations on how the sidewalk condition is maintained and affects surrounding land use.

Methods
The paradigm used in this research is rationalism research, namely research where the source of the truth of the theory is based on sensual empirical, logical empirical (thoughts, abstraction, simplification), and ethical empirical (idealization of reality) which will then produce nomothetic concepts/directions.This approach uses reasoning to acquire knowledge.This approach was chosen because the research departs from the problems/phenomena in the field.The Rationalist Paradigm (verstehen) views social reality as understood by researchers based on existing theories and dialogue with understanding the subject under study/empirical data.Rationalism recognizes reality from a sensual perspective, a logical-theoretical perspective, and an ethical perspective.The rationalistic qualitative research method recognizes another logical mindset besides the relational mindset.Rationalistic qualitative research design departs from a theoretical framework built from the meaning of previous research results, general theories, and the ideas of experts.It is constructed into something that contains several problems that need further investigation.
Observations were made by visiting the study location directly to observe the existing condition of the pedestrian paths in the Jalan Basuki Rahmat Corridor, Surabaya.Observations were carried out in 3 ways, namely (1) field observations related to the existence of facilities, furniture, and the condition of the pedestrian paths, and (2) direct measurements related to the dimensions of the pedestrian paths.The following is a more detailed explanation of field observations: Field Observations Field observations, in general, were carried out to complete the discussion on the general description and to know the characteristics of the observation area as a whole.This method is carried out by taking pictures and observing the field for several days.Then, the data obtained are presented as narratives, tables, maps, and pictures.
In this case, the research variables were obtained from a literature review synthesis, namely various related theories used according to the research theme.Below is a table of variables along with the indicators and units used in this study:

Results and Discussion
The section contains both results and discussion of the research.

Macro Land Use
Land use in the study area is dominated by trade and services.Jalan Basuki Rahmat, the golden triangle area of Surabaya, has grown into a trade, service, and office area that significantly contributes to the city's economy.Physically, both administrative and business activity centers are scattered along this corridor so that mobility facilities are more commonly found on Jalan Basuki Rahmat, a north-south corridor.Land use along the Basuki Rahmat Corridor includes an allotment of trade and services, green open spaces, and the provision of city facilities, including public government facilities, offices, and public trade and services facilities.The percentage of macro land use in the study area is as follows: Based on the calculation of the proportion of land above, the percentage of trade and services dominates the research area.The map of macro land use in the study area can be seen in Figure 4.3.Macro Land Use.

TYPOLOGY OF PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS CORRIDOR JALAN BASUKI RAHMAT
Pedestrian space in the corridor of Jalan Basuki Rahmat includes the type of Pedestrian Space on the Side of the Road (Sidewalk), which is a system of pedestrian paths from the edge of the main road to the outer edge of the building's land.The pedestrian path's condition on the road's east side can be seen in the image below.Pedestrian Space in Commercial/Office Areas (Arcade) is a pedestrian space adjoining a building on one or both sides.In the research area, the arcade pedestrian space adjoins the building on one side only and is located in a commercial area.This type is intermittent and has inconsistent green/shading paths.The length of the routes for these two typologies are:    In addition to traffic signs, signs can also be in the form of advertisements.Billboards in the observation area are located in several locations with 4-5 billboard units/location points.

b. Number and Condition of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities
Crossing facilities available on the pedestrian path observed are zebra crossings and pedestrian bridges.The pedestrian bridges are located at 4 location points as shown in the Figure .Map of the Distribution of Pedestrian Path Facilities.Meanwhile, zebra crossing is located at 3 location points.One measure of the comfort and safety of a pedestrian facility is the length of time it takes to cross.Based on field observations, the length of time to cross in this area is <10 minutes with a pedestrian bridge, and 10 seconds with a zebra crossing using traffic control lights (Pelican Cross).This fact shows that pedestrians are safe enough to cross from one point to another.Meanwhile, the travel time to the crossing facility ranges from 3-4 minutes.The location points for the distribution of pedestrian pathway facilities can be seen in the figures.Meanwhile, below is the number of existing pedestrian walkway facilities in the observation area:

Non-Physical Condition
A. Conditions of Social Interaction Along the Pedestrian Path Social interactions that occur in the research area occur because there is space for people to communicate.Facilities such as restaurants/cafes are a strong attraction for people to interact.In addition, street vendors (PKL) selling at several points on the pedestrian path are a special attraction for pedestrians/non-pedestrians to interact with each other.Based on field observations, other social interactions occur at night, especially on Saturdays.This sidewalk is used for the gathering of motorcycle groups which are quite a lot in number and occupy almost the entire sidewalk along Jalan Basuki Rahmat Corridor.
B. Interesting Activities Along the Walking Path  Frequency of Visits to Shopping Centers Tunjungan Plaza I-IV, a commercial center in Surabaya, is a special attraction for the community.This shopping center, with an area of 125,000 m², can accommodate 78,125 people based on the common human movement space of 1.6 m²/person. Frequency of Park Visits C. Visual Sights Along the Pedestrian Path Based on field observations, the visual sights in the research area are vegetation, murals, lights, sidewalk designs, and billboards.Apart from being a visual aspect of the city, lights, vegetation and billboards also function as facilities for the pedestrian paths discussed above.Explanations regarding murals and sidewalk designs can be seen in the following table : Table 4.7.Visualization in the Observation Area

No. Pedestrian Path Facilities Remark
1.

Mural
As one aspect of city visualization, the mural can be a special attraction for pedestrians.In the existing condition, the murals are only found on several sides of the building

Sidewalk Design
The sidewalk design looks dynamic with the material from pattern concrete and the provision of motifs and colors.The table below is a description of the evaluation of each of the variables that have been discussed:

Conclusions
Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that Basuki Rahmat Corridor needs improvements.The first is the required maintenance of pedestrian bridge buildings to improve pedestrian safety.Then, the number and location of markings should follow the characteristics of the corridor.It is also necessary to add unique pedestrian lights in the future.Physically, the width of the sidewalk is sufficient, but the physical condition needs to be improved.It is necessary to add adequate sidewalk furniture so that natural social interaction occurs in the study area.
From the non-physical elements, additional activities are needed in the study area to revive the Jalan Basuki Rahmat corridor to become a walkable corridor.Additionally, it is necessary to add an exciting visualization under the characteristics of the corridor so that it becomes a walkable corridor.From a connectivity perspective, it is necessary to add bus stops for city transportation to make it easier for pedestrians to access modes of transportation such as lyns, buses and others.Overall, the researcher discovered that Basuki Rahmat Corridor has an enormous potential to be a walkable area if the facilities are improved.The land use environment has already given a lively vibe because of the various activities offered, yet the stakeholders still need to be concerned with the sustainability of the corridor.

Figure
Figure.Macro Land Use (Source: An Example of Source.Year of Source) Figure.Spatial Utilization Intensity Map (Source: An Example of Source.Year of Source)

Figure .
Figure.Sidewalk on the East and West Sides of the Road (Source: Survey Primer, 2014)Based on field observations, the type of sidewalk in the observation area has a consistent green/shaded path.The shade/green lane is along the pedestrian path.Furthermore, there are also types of arcade pedestrian spaces on the east and west sides of the road, as shown in the image below.

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Figure.Conditions of Pedestrian Path Width in the Study Area Source: Primary Survey, 2014

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Figure.Conditions of Signs on Observed Pedestrian Pathways Source: Primary Survey, 2014

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Figure.Condition of Crossing Facilities in Observed Pedestrian Pathways Source: Primary Survey, 2014 c.Number and Lighting Conditions of Pedestrian Paths

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Figure.Garbage Bins, Bus Stops, and Seats in the Observation Area Source: Primary Survey, 2014 A. Vegetation Variations and Conditions Along the Walking Path The green belt model in the observation area is divided into two, namely plants in permanent pots and single-shade trees lined up along the pedestrian path so that the sidewalks are not used for street vendors.The types of plants in the observation area varied, namely argsana, king palm, cape, and bamboo (Department of Public Works, 2006).

Figure .
Figure.Public Transportation Modes in the Observation Area Source: Primary Survey, 2014 b.Number of Crossroads There are nine crossroads points in the observation area.Based on the literature and initial hypotheses, this will affect pedestrian accessibility because, with an intersection, the continuity of pedestrian circulation will be disrupted.c.Ease of Access to Public Transportation Stop Locations

Table 3 .
2. Allotment of Commercial Land 3.3.Space Utilization Intensity(Building Covered Ratio, Floor Area Ratio, Property Line)Based on field observations supported by the Basuki Rahmat Corridor UDGL literature survey, the IPR (Spatial Utilization Intensity) conditions in the study area are as follows: Table 4.4.Conditions of BCR, FAR, and PL

Table 4 .
5. Pedestrian Path Typology An overview of the length and location of the two types of pedestrian paths can be seen in Figure 4.7.Pedestrian Path Typology Map Source: ArcGIS Calculation Results, 2014