The Impact of iron tablet administration and nutritional counseling: Hemoglobin level improvement in anemic pregnant women

Authors

  • Yurnila Public health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
  • Helmizar Public health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
  • Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto Public health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61511/phraj.v2i1.2024.918

Keywords:

anemia, Fe tablet, nutritional counseling

Abstract

Objective: According to the 2013 Riskesdas, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 37.1%. Data from the Pariaman City Health Office showed that the prevalence of anemia in 2014 was 43.1%. This study aims to determine the effect of iron (Fe) tablets and nutritional counseling on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in the Pariaman City area in 2016. Methods: This study is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The study population consisted of third-trimester pregnant women with anemia, divided into two groups: the Fe tablet group (n=20) and the Fe tablet plus nutritional counseling group (n=20). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Dependent T-Test statistical test. Results: The results showed that the average knowledge score in the Fe group was 0.3, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 1.4. The average change in knowledge scores between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.002). The average attitude score in the Fe group was 2.15, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 2.75. The average change in attitude scores between the two groups was not significant (p=0.205). The average action score in the Fe group was 1.050, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 2.7. The average change in action scores between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.002). The average difference in hemoglobin levels in the Fe group was 0.280, while in the Fe plus nutritional counseling group it was 0.690. The average change in hemoglobin levels between the two groups showed a significant increase (p=0.008). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the provision of Fe supplementation and nutritional counseling results in a higher increase in hemoglobin levels compared to Fe tablets alone. It is hoped that nutritionists in the field will be more active in providing nutritional counseling to pregnant women with anemia to increase their knowledge about anemia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes an integrated nutritional intervention model combining Fe tablets with a community-based interactive nutritional counselling program. This model can increase the effectiveness of anaemia control programs in pregnant women by combining supplementation and education.

References

Agurs-Collins, T., Alvidrez, J., ElShourbagy Ferreira, S., Evans, M., Gibbs, K., Kowtha, B., Pratt, C., Reedy, J., Shams-White, M., & Brown, A. G. M. (2024). Perspective: Nutrition health disparities framework: A model to advance health equity. Advances in Nutrition, 15(4), 100194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100194

Alene, K. A., & Dohe, A. M. (2014). Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in an Urban Area of Eastern Ethiopia. Anemia, 2014, 561567. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/561567

Al-Farsi, Y. M., Brooks, D. R., Werler, M. M., Cabral, H. J., Al-Shafei, M. A., & Wallenburg, H. C. (2011). Effect of high parity on occurrence of anemia in pregnancy: a cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 11, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-11-7

Amirudin, W. (2007). Studi kasus kontrol ibu anemia. Medical UNHAS.

Amoadu, M., Abraham, S. A., Adams, A. K., Akoto-Buabeng, W., Obeng, P., & Hagan, J. E., Jr. (2024). Risk factors of malnutrition among in-school children and adolescents in developing countries: A scoping review. Children, 11(4), 476. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040476

Arisman. (2009). Gizi dalam daur kehidupan. Jakarta: EGC.

Brink, L. R., Bender, T. M., Davies, R., Luo, H., Miketinas, D., Shah, N., Loveridge, N., Gross, G., & Fawkes, N. (2022). Optimizing Maternal Nutrition: The Importance of a Tailored Approach. Current developments in nutrition, 6(9), nzac118. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac118

Chaparro, C. M., & Suchdev, P. S. (2019). Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1450(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14092

Department of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2010). Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI.

Department of Nutrition and Community Health, Faculty of Public Health UI. (2008). Gizi dan kesehatan masyarakat. Jakarta: Raja Gravindo Persada.

Depkes RI. (2009). Profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2008. Jakarta: Depkes RI.

Dimitriadis, E., Rolnik, D. L., Zhou, W., & et al. (2023). Pre-eclampsia. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 9, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-023-00417-6

Helland, M. H., & Nordbotten, G. L. (2021). Dietary Changes, Motivators, and Barriers Affecting Diet and Physical Activity among Overweight and Obese: A Mixed Methods Approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(20), 10582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010582

Hestuningtyas, T. R. (2013). Pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, praktik ibu dalam pemberian makan anak, dan asupan zat gizi anak stunting usia 1-2 tahun di Kecamatan Semarang Timur [Skripsi]. Universitas Diponegoro. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/41928/

Kwak, D. W., Kim, S., Lee, S. Y., Kim, M. H., Park, H. J., Han, Y. J., Cha, D. H., Kim, M. Y., Chung, J. H., Park, B., & Ryu, H. M. (2022). Maternal Anemia during the First Trimester and Its Association with Psychological Health. Nutrients, 14(17), 3505. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173505

Margawati, A., Syauqy, A., Utami, A., & Adespin, D. A. (2023). Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Semarang, Indonesia, during COVID-19 Pandemic. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 33(3), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.8

Mello, A. V., Pereira, J. L., Leme, A. C. B., Goldbaum, M., Cesar, C. L. G., & Fisberg, R. M. (2020). Social determinants, lifestyle and diet quality: a population-based study from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil. Public health nutrition, 23(10), 1766–1777. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019003483

Nguyen, L. D., Nguyen, L. H., Ninh, L. T., Nguyen, H. T. T., Nguyen, A. D., Vu, L. G., Nguyen, H. S. A., Nguyen, S. H., Doan, L. P., Vu, T. M. T., Tran, B. X., Latkin, C. A., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. C. M. (2022). Women's holistic self-care behaviors during pregnancy and associations with psychological well-being: implications for maternal care facilities. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 22(1), 631. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04961-z

Noptriani, S., & Simbolon, D. (2022). Probability of non-compliance to the consumption of Iron Tablets in pregnant women in Indonesia. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 63(3), E456–E463. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.3.2340

Notoatmodjo, S. (2007). Promosi kesehatan dan ilmu perilaku. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Pasaribu, R. D., Aritonang, E., Sudaryati, E., & Zuska, F. (2024). Anemia in pregnancy: Study phenomenology. Portugese Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1159/000534708

Peña-Rosas, J. P., De-Regil, L. M., Garcia-Casal, M. N., & Dowswell, T. (2015). Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015(7), CD004736. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub5

Proverawati, A., & Anjani, S. (2009). Buku ajar gizi untuk kebidanan. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

Proverawati, A., & Kamsiah, E. (2011). Ilmu gizi untuk keperawatan dan gizi kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

Seid, A. M., & Babbel, N. F. (2023). Behavioral model-guided nutritional counseling could improve the dietary practice and nutritional status of elders in Ethiopia: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Geriatrics, 23, 757. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04433-9

Siddiqui, F., Salam, R. A., Lassi, Z. S., & Das, J. K. (2020). The Intertwined Relationship Between Malnutrition and Poverty. Frontiers in public health, 8, 453. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00453

Silva, P., Araújo, R., Lopes, F., & Ray, S. (2023). Nutrition and food literacy: Framing the challenges to health communication. Nutrients, 15(22), 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224708

Sloan, N. L., Jordan, E., & Winikoff, B. (2002). Effects of iron supplementation on maternal hematologic status in pregnancy. American journal of public health, 92(2), 288–293. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.2.288

Vance, A. J., & Brandon, D. H. (2017). Delineating Among Parenting Confidence, Parenting Self-Efficacy, and Competence. ANS. Advances in nursing science, 40(4), E18–E37. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000179

Varney, H. (2006). Buku ajar asuhan kebidanan. Jakarta: EGC.

West Sumatra Provincial Health Office. (2015). Diseminasi hasil survei pemantauan status gizi (PSG). Sumatera Barat.

World Health Organization. (2023). Anaemia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anaemia

Zhao, G., Xu, G., Zhou, M., Jiang, Y., Richards, B., Clark, K. M., Kaciroti, N., Georgieff, M. K., Zhang, Z., Tardif, T., Li, M., & Lozoff, B. (2015). Prenatal Iron Supplementation Reduces Maternal Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural China, but Iron Deficiency Remains Widespread in Mothers and Neonates. The Journal of nutrition, 145(8), 1916–1923. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.208678

Downloads

Published

2024-07-31

How to Cite

Yurnila, Helmizar, & Lipoeto, N. I. (2024). The Impact of iron tablet administration and nutritional counseling: Hemoglobin level improvement in anemic pregnant women. Public Health Risk Assesment Journal, 2(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.61511/phraj.v2i1.2024.918

Issue

Section

Articles

Citation Check