Relasi islamophobia dan media massa dalam pembentukan sikap masyarakat terhadap islam di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/jorcs.v1i1.2024.537Keywords:
islamophobia, mass media, racismAbstract
Islamophobia is an important construct that needs to be analyzed when understanding negative attitudes towards Muslims. To fully understand Islamophobia, it is important to examine the broader construct of racism so as to demonstrate Islamophobia as a subtype of racism. Islamophobia is growing with the rapid flow of global information, and the mass media is the main instrument in the dissemination of such information, giving rise to similar perceptions and actions against Islam. The relationship between Islamophobia and mass media is considered very close, so it can expand anti-Islamic attitudes.
References
Bonilla-Silva, E. (1997). Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation. American Sociological Review, 62(3), 465. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657316
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610393980
Center for Race & Gender. (n.d.). Confronting Fear: Islamophobia and Its Impact in the United States, January 2013 -December 2015. University of California, Berkeley. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=JxmFnQAACAAJ
Ghumman, S., & Ryan, A. M. (2013). Not welcome here: Discrimination towards women who wear the Muslim headscarf. Human Relations, 66(5), 671–698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712469540
Jung, J. H. (2012). Islamophobia? Religion, Contact with Muslims, and the Respect for Islam. Review of Religious Research, 54(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-011-0033-2
Khan, Z. (2021). The Impact of Islamophobia on the Mental Health of Muslim Post-Secondary Students. https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/06b0c377-94e4-4e2a-85a9-c16779984cd9/content
Krisnawati, E. (2021). Sejarah Peristiwa 9/11 WTC: Kronologi Serangan Teroris 11 September Baca selengkapnya di artikel "Sejarah Peristiwa 9/11 WTC: Kronologi Serangan Teroris 11 September. Tirto.Id. https://tirto.id/sejarah-peristiwa-9-11-wtc-kronologi-serangan-teroris-11-september-gjjX
Lee, S. A., Gibbons, J. A., Thompson, J. M., & Timani, H. S. (2009). The Islamophobia Scale: Instrument Development and Initial Validation. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19(2), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508610802711137
Lopez, S. J., & C.R., S. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2nd ed). Oxford University Press.
Mohamed, B. (2018). New estimates show U.S. Muslim population continues to grow. Pew Research Center. http://pewrsr.ch/2lP2MKc
Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Py7bDgAAQBAJ
Mulder, J. M. (2015). Woodrow Wilson: The Years of Preparation. Wilson Supplemental Volumes. Princeton University Press. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GKh9BgAAQBAJ
Salmaa. (2022). Macam-Macam Teknik Pengambilan Sampel Penelitian. Penerbitdeepublish.Com. https://penerbitdeepublish.com/teknik-pengambilan-sampel-penelitian/
Samari, G., Alcalá, H. E., & Sharif, M. Z. (2018). Islamophobia, Health, and Public Health: A Systematic Literature Review. American Journal of Public Health, 108(6), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304402
Simkus, J. (2023). Snowball Sampling Method: Definition, Techniques & Examples. SimplyPsychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/snowball-sampling.html
Sulasman. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Sejarah: Teori, Metode, Contoh Aplikasi. Pustaka Setia.
Watt, D. (2016). Muslim Female Students Confront Islamophobia: Negotiating Identities In-between Family, Schooling, and the Mass Media. Journal of Family Diversity in Education, 2(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.53956/jfde.2016.78
