Socioeconomics overview of fruits and vegetables consumption among population aged > 5 years: A further analysis of Indonesia Health Survey 2023

Abstract

Background: Low consumption of fruits and vegetables is estimated the cause of 1.7 million (2.8%) deaths and 16 million (1.0%) globally. In Indonesia, the behavior of the population >10 years of age is to less consume fruits and vegetables, which is above 90%. This study aims to show the socio, economics consumption of fruits and vegetables in the Indonesian based on several characteristics. Methods: The data analyzed is the result of the Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) 2023. The research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design, non-interventional. The data analyzed is data on fruit and vegetable consumption, along with the reasons why people do not consume them. Findings: The analysis showed that (≥60%), based on all the characteristics studied, consumed 1-2 portions of fresh fruit/and/or vegetables per day. The most people who consumed ≥ 5 portions of fresh fruit/and/or vegetables per day in a week were public servants (6.7%) with completed education levels D1/D2/D3/PT (6.0%). There are (18.4%) more people aged 5-9 years compared to other age groups who do not consume fresh fruit/and/or vegetables per day of the week. Conclusion: Socio economic factors, including income, education, and occupation, significantly influence these consumption patterns. The biggest reason for not consuming fresh fruit is no fruits (stock/price) and vegetables are disliked. Indonesian fruit and vegetable consumption is low in the context of balanced nutrition. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive national-level analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption patterns among the Indonesian population using the SKI 2023 data. It highlights variations in consumption according to socio-demographic and economic characteristics and identifies key reasons for non-consumption, including availability, affordability, and preference. These findings provide important evidence for developing targeted nutrition interventions to address socio-economic and behavioral barriers to adequate fruit and vegetable consumption in Indonesia.