Spatial distribution of indoor carbon monoxide (CO) levels and its implications for indoor environmental quality

Abstract

Background: Air consists of a mixture of 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide and other gases. Indoor and outdoor air pollution can cause respiratory problems and other diseases that can be fatal. This study aims to describe the concentration and spatial distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) indoors in companies in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta) Province. Methods: The study used a descriptive study design with a spatial approach to describe the concentration of carbon monoxide indoors in companies in DKI Jakarta Province from January to August 2015 and its distribution. Findings: The indoor carbon monoxide concentration in 27 companies in DKI Jakarta Province ranged from 0.000015 ppm to 0.634 ppm, with an average value of 0.106 ppm. There was a tendency for companies located near the provincial borders in South Jakarta and East Jakarta to have higher indoor carbon monoxide concentrations, although these concentrations remained below the threshold value. However, the factors influencing the higher indoor carbon monoxide levels could not be determined. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of indoor carbon monoxide concentrations in companies in DKI Jakarta Province was relatively even. The average carbon monoxide concentration was highest in South Jakarta (0.119 ppm) and lowest in West Jakarta (0.0053 ppm). Novelty/Originality of this article: This study assesses the spatial distribution of indoor carbon monoxide concentrations in companies in Jakarta, providing area-specific data to support the assessment of indoor environmental quality.