The role of community capacity in shaping responses to mangrove ecosystem degradation

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have examined mangrove degradation from both biophysical and socio-economic perspectives; however, only a limited number have investigated how community capacity influences the types of responses that emerge in response to ecosystem degradation. This issue has become increasingly relevant as mangrove planting is no longer entirely feasible in some ecological settings. This study aims to analyze the role of community capacity in shaping responses to mangrove ecosystem degradation and its implications for environmental sustainability in the coastal area of Demak Regency. Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach using a case-study design based on secondary data. Data were collected from scientific journal articles, government reports, policy documents, and publications from relevant institutions. Data analysis employed a social-ecological systems approach incorporating adaptive capacity theory, ecosystem services, sustainability transformation, and community-based natural resource management frameworks. Findings: The findings indicate that mangrove ecosystem degradation has triggered a range of community responses, from repeated symbolic planting activities to more adaptive restoration efforts. These variations are influenced by differences in community capacity, particularly in terms of local institutions, social learning, and the ability to coordinate with external actors. Conclusion: The study concludes that community capacity plays a crucial role in determining whether responses to mangrove degradation are adaptive and sustainable or remain limited to short-term activities. Strengthening community capacity is therefore essential for developing more context-specific and sustainable responses to mangrove degradation. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in positioning community capacity as a determining factor in shaping responses to mangrove ecosystem degradation, rather than merely as a supporting factor for rehabilitation success, especially in contexts where ecological limitations restrict mangrove planting efforts.