Ambient air quality, air pollution index, and noise baseline for environmentally responsible residential development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/evojes.v3i2.2026.3931Keywords:
ambient air quality, air pollutant standards index, construction dust, environmental noise, residential developmentAbstract
Background: Peri-urban residential development can change local environmental conditions through dust generation, traffic-related emissions, equipment operation, and community noise. Baseline assessment is therefore needed before construction to distinguish existing environmental pressure from future project-related impacts. This study assesses ambient air quality and environmental noise around the planned Sunville Residence development in Paccinongang Urban Village, Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive quantitative baseline design was used. Primary monitoring data from two strategic points were analyzed: one point within the project site and one point at the nearest settlement near a main road. Ambient air parameters included TSP/PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and Pb. Noise was evaluated at an internal project point and a settlement receptor. Measured values were compared with applicable Indonesian standards, and air quality was interpreted using the ISPU category. Findings: All ambient air pollutants were below the reported national standards. The conservative T2-BSP values represented 21.7% of the TSP/PM10 standard, 25.1% of the SO2 standard, 13.2% of the NO2 standard, 19.4% of the O3 standard, 11.5% of the CO standard, and approximately 1.0% of the Pb standard. ISPU values for TSP/PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO were 22, 13, 13, 10, and 6, respectively, all categorized as Good. Noise at the internal project point was 50 dB(A), below the residential benchmark of 55 dB(A), while the nearest settlement point reached 62 dB(A), exceeding the benchmark by 7 dB(A). Conclusion: The study area has a favorable pre-construction air-quality baseline, but settlement noise is already above the residential standard and requires receptor-sensitive management. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article integrates ambient air compliance, ISPU communication, and receptor-based noise interpretation into a management-oriented baseline for environmentally responsible peri-urban housing development.
References
Adelodun, B., Ajibade, F. O., Ighalo, J. O., Odey, G., Ibrahim, R. G., Kareem, K. Y., Bakare, H. O., Tiamiyu, A. O., Ajibade, T. F., Abdulkadir, T. S., Adeniran, K. A., & Choi, K. S. (2021). Assessment of socioeconomic inequality based on virus-contaminated water usage in developing countries: A review. Environmental Research, 192, 110309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110309
An, Y. (2024). Improved environment rehabilitation measures for combatting desertification using water and soil conservation assessment models. Desalination and Water Treatment, 319, 100509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100509
Araujo, C. H. X., Ullah, I., & de Tomi, G. (2025). Challenges in artisanal small-scale gold mining: Perspectives and transformations to sustainability along BR-163 in Brazil. Journal of Sustainable Mining, 24(2), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1458
Boakye, M. K., & Adanu, S. K. (2022). On-site building construction workers perspective on environmental impacts of construction-related activities: A relative importance index (RII) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) approach. Sustainable Environment, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2022.2141158
Ewing, R., & Dumbaugh, E. (2009). The built environment and traffic safety. Journal of Planning Literature, 23(4), 347–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412209335553
Hegewald, J., Schubert, M., Freiberg, A., Starke, K. R., Augustin, F., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Zeeb, H., & Seidler, A. (2020). Traffic noise and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176175
Hong, J., Kang, H., Jung, S., Sung, S., Hong, T., Park, H. S., & Lee, D. E. (2020). An empirical analysis of environmental pollutants on building construction sites for determining the real-time monitoring indices. Building and Environment, 170, 106636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106636
Islam, N., Toha, T. R., Islam, M. M., & Ahmed, T. (2023). Spatio-temporal variation of meteorological influence on PM2.5 and PM10 over major urban cities of Bangladesh. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 23(1), 220082. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220082
Jaafar, W., Xu, J., Farrar, E., Jeong, C. H., Ganji, A., Evans, G., & Hatzopoulou, M. (2024). Challenges and opportunities of low-cost sensors in capturing the impacts of construction activities on neighborhood air quality. Building and Environment, 254, 111363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111363
Ko, S. S. K., Jindal, R., Tantrakarnapa, K., Surinkul, N., & Trivitayanurak, W. (2022). Investigations of baseline air quality around the proposed Yangon Outer Ring Road construction (Eastern Section) area in Myanmar. Engineering Access, 8(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.14456/mijet.2022.17
Li, F., Rubinato, M., Zhou, T., Li, J., & Chen, C. (2022). Numerical simulation of the influence of building-tree arrangements on wind velocity and PM2.5 dispersion in urban communities. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 16378. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20455-6
Ljungman, P. L. S., Andersson, N., Stockfelt, L., Andersson, E. M., Sommar, J. N., Eneroth, K., Gidhagen, L., Johansson, C., Lager, A., Leander, K., Molnar, P., Pedersen, N. L., Rizzuto, D., Rosengren, A., Segersson, D., Wennberg, P., Barregard, L., Forsberg, B., Sallsten, G., Bellander, T., & Pershagen, G. (2019). Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution, black carbon, and their source components in relation to ischemic heart disease and stroke. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(10), 107012. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4757
Medina-Ramón, M., Goldberg, R., Melly, S., Mittleman, M. A., & Schwartz, J. (2008). Residential exposure to traffic-related air pollution and survival after heart failure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(4), 481–485. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.10918
Mir, M., Nasirzadeh, F., Lee, S. H., Cabrera, D., & Mills, A. (2022a). Construction noise management: A systematic review and directions for future research. Applied Acoustics, 197, 108936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.108936
Munawar, A., Irawan, M. Z., & Gita Fitrada, A. (2017). Development of urban road capacity and speed estimation method in Indonesia. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2017, II. https://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2017/WCE2017_pp564-567.pdf
Münzel, T., Gori, T., Babisch, W., & Basner, M. (2014). Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. European Heart Journal, 35(13). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu030
Nizhelskiy, M., Kazeev, K., Vilkova, V., Fedorenko, A., & Kolesnikov, S. (2025). Impact of gaseous smoke pollutants from modelled fires on air and soil quality. Carbon Research, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-024-00180-7
Permana, C. T., & Winarso, H. (2025). U-develop: People, public and private partnerships for community empowerment in Cibangkong, Indonesia low-income housing rejuvenation. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 40(1), 215–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-024-10168-9
Rienda, I. C., & Alves, C. A. (2021). Road dust resuspension: A review. Atmospheric Research, 261, 105740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105740
Sankoh, F. P., Yan, X., & Tran, Q. (2013). Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in developing cities: A case study of Granville Brook Dumpsite, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(7), 665–670. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.47076
Sarker, T., Fan, P., Messina, J. P., Mujahid, N., Aldrian, E., & Chen, J. (2024). Impact of urban built-up volume on urban environment: A case of Jakarta. Sustainable Cities and Society, 105, 105346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105346
Siyamsih, D. (2024). Impacts of deforestation on soil quality and water resources in tropical forest areas of Sumatra. Journal of Horizon, 1(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.62872/kvmcwq82
Smith, M. G., Cordoza, M., & Basner, M. (2022a). Environmental noise and effects on sleep: An update to the WHO systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 130(7). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10197
Surya, B., Salim, A., Hernita, H., Suriani, S., Menne, F., & Rasyidi, E. S. (2021). Land use change, urban agglomeration, and urban sprawl: A sustainable development perspective of Makassar City, Indonesia. Land, 10(6), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060556
Van Kamp, I., Simon, S., Notley, H., Baliatsas, C., & van Kempen, E. (2020a). Evidence relating to environmental noise exposure and annoyance, sleep disturbance, cardio-vascular and metabolic health outcomes in the context of IGCB (N): A scoping review of new evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3016. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093016
Velásquez Ramírez, M. G., Nazario Rios, J. C., Gobin, A., Pillaca, M., Thomas, E., Guerrero Barrantes, J. A., Román, U., Becerra Lira, E., Muñoz Ushñahua, A., Nascimento Herbay, P., Rodriguez Achata, L., Garate-Quispe, J., Malpica, S., Russo, R., Abril, M., Dionisio, L. F. S., Corvera Gomringer, R., & del Castillo Torres, D. (2025). Degradation, classification, and management of soils from alluvial-gold mine spoils in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Land Degradation & Development, 36(2), 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5365
World Health Organization. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
Zítková, J., Wimmerová, L., Fronk, K., Zdražil, V., & Keken, Z. (2022). Applying principles of EIA post-project analysis in the context of suburban infrastructure development. Ecological Indicators, 138, 108820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108820
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Chalid Bibbi Pariwa, Nanang Rahmadani, Muhajrin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
