Flood risk typology analysis: Spatial distribution of river flooding and urban flooding as a foundation for disaster management planning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61511/andmej.v4i1.2026.3926Keywords:
disaster risk, flood typology, river flooding, spatial distribution, urban floodingAbstract
Background: Flood losses in Bantul Regency surged by nearly 500% from 2015 to 2025 (reaching IDR 7.1 billion). Despite having standard disaster plans (KRB and RPB), these documents apply a one-size-fits-all approach, ignoring the distinct mechanisms and specific mitigation needs of different flood types. Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach integrating GIS-based spatial analysis, document content analysis, and semi-structured interviews with 7 key informants (representing BPBD Bantul, Bappeda, and BBWSO). The flood typology classification followed the framework of Bello et al. (2024), utilizing a spatial classification procedure that overlays flood hazard, land cover, and watershed boundaries. The risk component analysis performed the H×V/C formula per BNPB (2021) methodology. Spatial mapping was performed using ArcGIS 10.3 (coordinate system UTM Zone 49S) with BNPB 2022 data, DIBI the BNPB historical records, and BIG 2023 land cover data. The spatial results were validated using historical inundation records and Google Earth satellite imagery. Findings: Two distinct flood typologies were identified: river flooding in downstream watershed areas, characterized mainly by high hazard, and urban flooding in Yogyakarta’s buffer areas, characterized by high vulnerability. However, the current KRB fails to distinguish between these typologies, analyzing risks by administrative borders instead of natural hydrological units. Conclusion: Flood risk in Bantul Regency is not homogeneous. Typological differentiation has different implications for disaster-risk and spatial planning instruments. The KRB methodology must be reoriented toward DAS hydrology-based analytical units with explicit typology classification as a prerequisite for effective and adaptive disaster management planning. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study contributes a district-level application that integrates flood-typology differentiation, GIS-based spatial analysis, and watershed considerations in evaluating the KRB.
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